PART 2: A TRADITION OF IMMIGRATION CANADA’S POPULATION PART 2: A TRADITION OF IMMIGRATION

REMINDER UNIT 4, PART 1 TEST – FRIDAY, JUNE 1, 2018 (TOMORROW) UNIT 4, PART 2 TEST REVIEW – MONDAY, JUNE 4, 2018 UNIT 4, PART 2 TEST – TUESDAY, JUNE 5, 2018 REMINDER

AGENDA Defining Demographics How Do Populations Change? Studying Populations Historical Trends in Population Growth Immigration in Canada

A NATION OF IMMIGRANTS Canada is a nation of immigrants: 96% of Canadians are immigrants or descended from immigrant families. Just over 4% of Canadians (about 1.4m people) are First Nations or of aboriginal descent.

WHY PEOPLE IMMIGRATE Immigrating means entering a new country. (Think “i” for coming “in”.) Emigrating means leaving your current country. (Think “e” for “exiting”.) There are two types of reasons people decide to immigrate or emigrate. These are referred to as “push factors” and “pull factors”.

THINKING BACK... Remember the “5 types of global connection”? Political Economic Cultural Environmental Social Push and pull factors generally fall under these categories as well!

PUSH FACTORS Push factors are reasons to move out of your current country (i.e. what “pushes” you out). Some examples of push factors include: War (political) Poverty or a lack of employment (economic) Religious persecution (cultural) Weather too hot or cold (environmental) Family moved to new country (social)

PULL FACTORS Pull factors are reasons to move to a new country (i.e. what “pulls” you in). Some examples of pull factors include: Democratic government (political) Employment or business opportunities (economic) Gender equality or religious freedom (cultural) Good climate or low pollution (environmental) Friends and family already in country (social)

CHANGING POPULATIONS Canada’s immigration patterns have been a series of “boom and bust” periods – usually caused by events in other countries.

HISTORICAL POPULATION TRENDS WHEN? WHAT HAPPENED? WHY? 1840s Thousands of Irish settlers land in Eastern Canada The Potato Famine: Irish potato crops failed, and facing starvation, many Irish move to Canada. 1905 to 1914 Massive immigration from Eastern Europe to the Canadian West Canadian Government, fearing America’s “Manifest Destiny”, wanted to settle the Prairies and offered free land and incentives to immigrants.

CHANGING POPULATIONS

HISTORICAL POPULATION TRENDS WHEN? WHAT HAPPENED? WHY? 1915 to 1919 Very little immigration World War I and the worldwide Spanish Flu epidemic limited the ability to travel. 1930 1945 The Great Depression causes extreme poverty around the world, and World War II spans Europe, Asia, and Africa.

HISTORICAL POPULATION TRENDS WHEN? WHAT HAPPENED? WHY? 1947 to 1960 Many Italians immigrate to Canada World War II devastated Italy and there were many economic opportunities to be found in Canada. 1956 Many Hungarians come to Canada Hungarian Revolt against the Russians failed and the refugees fled to Canada to avoid punishment.

CHANGING POPULATIONS

HISTORICAL POPULATION TRENDS WHEN? WHAT HAPPENED? WHY? 1980 to 1997 Arrival of thousands of Hong Kong Chinese. Residents of Hong Kong sought political stability and freedom before China took control of Hong Kong in 1997. 1989 2001 Many Russians, Polish, Hungarians, Romanians, Lithuanians, Bulgarians, and more enter Canada. With the collapse of the USSR and communism people were finally free to leave the oppressive, and now almost bankrupt, Russia.

IMMIGRATION TODAY Canada still accepts thousands of immigrants from around the world each year. More recently, many Iraqis, Afghans, and Syrians have come to Canada as they flee the various conflicts that engulf their country. For example: the Gulf War (Iraq), the Taliban (Afghanistan), and ISIS (Syria).

TYPES OF IMMIGRANTS In Canada, there are two types of immigration: Economic and Social/Humanitarian. Under each type, there are one or more classes of immigrant, each evaluated using a point system. Classes of economic immigrants include both permanent residents and temporary residents. A permanent resident is someone who is moving to Canada for good, whereas a temporary resident is only staying for a set period of time.

ECONOMIC IMMIGRATION SKILLED WORKER CLASS: Graded on a point system. If one person qualifies, their entire family is admitted. The government uses this type of immigration to fill high-demand occupations or areas of shortage. E.g. engineers, doctors, nurses, business executives

ECONOMIC IMMIGRATION SKILLED TRADES CLASS: Uses a “pass or fail” system instead of points. If one person qualifies, their entire family is admitted. The government uses this type of immigration to find tradespeople that meet a known shortage. The person must meet specific criteria: Have a job offer in Canada Language skills enough to perform their job Have more than 2 years experience in the trade. Meet Canadian standards qualifications. E.g. electricians, plumbers, loggers, mine workers, etc.

ECONOMIC IMMIGRATION CANADIAN EXPERIENCE CLASS: START UP VISA A program for legally and permanently accepting immigrants who were initially here under a temporary visa. Must have worked at least 1 year in Canada to have a chance of qualifying. START UP VISA For immigrants who plan to start up their own business. Must have Canadian investors in their business. Fluent in either English or French. Minimum one year of post-secondary education. Enough money to support themselves and family to start.

ECONOMIC IMMIGRATION TEMPORARY FOREIGN WORKER CLASS: A wide variety of immigrants may qualify for this visa. A highly controversial option for immigration. Must perform the job specified on the visa. Some may qualify for the “Canadian Experience Class” and stay permanently. Most however, return home once their visa expires.

SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN FAMILY CLASS: REFUGEE CLASS: Permanent Residents may sponsor family members who wish to move to Canada. The sponsor must agree to be economically responsible for the person for a time period between 3 and 10 years. REFUGEE CLASS: Refugees are persons who move to another country because they fear for their safety. Immigrants may apply while already in Canada or while in another country. Each refugee claim is judged individually.

SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN

SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN

HOMEWORK RELATED READING: TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS: Textbook pages 217-224 p. 219, questions 2-4 p.221, questions 1-3 p. 225, questions 1, 3, and 5