Major Philosophies of China Confucianism Legalism Taoism

The Warring States Period Warfare broke out between nobles at the end of Zhou dynasty Led to period of upheaval and chaos People began to think about the best way to restore: Social order Harmony Respect for authority

Confucius 551 BC- 479 BC Known as Kongfuzi Chinese teacher and philosopher Philosopher A person who offers theories or ideas on “big questions” Developed a theory of how to establish stability in China

Confucianism Confucius believed that: People are naturally good People should treat each other humanely Importance of education in creating good, stable government Need for educated civil servants Individual must find and accept their proper place in society

Confucianism Believed society should be organized around five basic relationships Ruler -----Subject Father-----Son Husband----Wife Older Brother----Younger Brother Friend----Friend

The Five Relationship

The Five Relationships Example: Rulers should practice kindness and virtuous living Subjects should be loyal and law abiding Stressed importance of: Family Filial Piety Children should respect their parents and elders Worship ancestors Patriarchal society Education

Major Principles of Confucianism Li --> Rite, rules, how you should act in a community Ren --> humaneness for others; helping others Shu --> Reciprocity, empathy Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you. Yi --> Righteousness and morality Xiao --> Filial Piety (Respect your parents and elders)

The Analects Book containing Confucius thoughts on how to improve society Became the basis for Chinese civil service exams and bureaucracy Government workers

Confucian Temple Complex

Significance of Confucianism Cornerstone of Chinese tradition and culture Adopted by most Chinese preserved patriarchal society Spread to areas that were under China’s control or influence Korea and Vietnam

Legalism Founded by Han Feizi Lived during the Warring States period Became the political philosophy of the Qin Dynasty

Principles of Legalism Human nature is naturally selfish; humans are by nature evil Rulers needed to be strong and govern through force Laws must be strict and based on rewards and punishments to maintain order Supported harsh penalties Branding and mutilation for minor crimes

Principles of Legalism Placed little value on education should be controlled by government Ideas needed to be strictly controlled Rulers should burn all writings that are critical of the government War is needed to strengthen the rulers power

Daoism Founded by Lao Zi Began during the Warring States Period Stressed importance of balance in nature Yin Yang

The Universe of Opposites: Yin Masculine Active Light Warmth Strong Heaven; Sun Feminine Passive Darkness Cold Weak Earth; Moon Yang

Daoism “The Way” The Tao A universal life force that is present in nature Guides all things Human understanding of nature and harmony achieved by following “the way”

Daoism Believed that education and politics are not necessary for harmony Natural flow of events would solve problems Rely on senses and instincts Stressed importance of individuals and less government

The Question How do we best achieve social order and harmony in society?? Confucianism --> Moral order in society. Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order. Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity.

China Review What is this structure What does it tell us about the Chinese view of the outside world?

China Review What trade route is shown in this map? What impact did it have on China?

China Review

China Review Explain the process that is shown in this image?

China Review Zhou Dynasty Shang Dynasty Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty Warring States Period

China Review Confucius Han Feizi The Han Feizi Lao Tzu The Analects “The Way” The Han Feizi Lao Tzu Filial Piety The Analects The Way of Virtue Seek a balance with nature Developed during warring states period Placed high value on education rather than punishment The Five Relationships Harsh penalties for breaking laws Ways to establish order in society Strict control of education and free thinking Placed little value on education