THE SECOND LARGEST ERUPTION OF THE 20TH CENTURY

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THE SECOND LARGEST ERUPTION OF THE 20TH CENTURY REMEMBERING THE HISTORIC ERUPTION OF MOUNT PINATUBO, THE PHILIPPINES JUNE 12, 1991 THE SECOND LARGEST ERUPTION OF THE 20TH CENTURY Other Supercourse lectures on Volcanic eruption Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

MOUNT PINATUBO: QUIET FOR 450-500 YEARS BEFORE ERUPTING

VOLCANO HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) VERTICAL PLUME LAVA FLOWS LATERAL BLASTS LAHARS EARTHQUAKES (related to movement of lava)

NATURAL HAZARDS FOR WHICH EVACUATION IS TYPICAL FLOODS GOAL: MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY HURRICANES HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR SAVING LIVES, BUT LOW BEMEFIT/COST FOR PROTECTING PROPERTY TYPHOONS TSUNAMIS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS WILDFIRES

USGS US AIR FORCE PHILVOS SOURCE OF PHOTOGRAPHS USGS US AIR FORCE PHILVOS

MOUNT PINATUBO’S FIRST PRECURSORS OF THE ERUPTION

PHILVOS: MONITORING GROUND SWELLING (ANOTHER PRECURSOR)

MOUNT PINATUBO: VERTICAL PLUME REACHES 19 KM: JUNE 12

LOURDES DESTROYED BY LAHARS WITHIN HOURS AFTER THE ERUPTION

MOUNT PINATUBO BLOWS ITS TOP: JUNE 15, 1991

THE JUNE 15TH CALDERA COLLAPSE LOWERED PINATUBO’S ELEVATION 1,000 FT

LATERAL BLAST: 5:55 AM, JUNE 15

CARS COVERED WITH VOLCANIC ASH: JUNE 16

DC-10 AT CLARK AIR FORCE BASE COVERED WITH ASH: JUNE 17

CLARK AIR FORCE COVERED WITH ASH: JUNE 24

RIVER WIDENED BY LOCAL FLOODING AND LAHARS

The eruption ejected roughly 10 billion metric tons (10 cubic km) of magma, and 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide.

The eruption injected large amounts of aerosols into the stratosphere – more than any eruption since that of krakatoa in 1883.

Lahars that occurred immediately after the eruption, and rejuvenated during subsequent rainy seasons, have destroyed over 100,000 homes.

Global temperatures dropped by about 0.5 degree C.