Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Quick Intro (much more tomorrow) Israel was established 1948 after WWII Split up the land called Palestine Arabs lived in Palestine (Muslims) Different claims to the land – longstanding Jerusalem is the holy city for Muslims, Christians, and Jews 1967 – Six Day War – Israel takes over much more Palestinian territory Conflict has lasted the entire second half of 20th century & into the 21st century: one of the greatest unresolved conflicts of our time.

Key Vocab Zionism - Jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews

Video http://www.seeker.com/why-are-israel-and-palestine-fighting-1792462445.html As you watch….jot down notes on why there is conflict

Why does the US support Israel As you watch this video clip, answer the following: 1: Why did the US originally begin its support of Israel 2: What are TWO reasons why the US still supports Israel today? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl8sWCxyPJw

Middle East Map Use your textbooks and/or phones to label the countries & religious affiliation

Label Israel Gaza West Bank Golan Heights Jordan Egypt Med. Sea Jerusalem

Intro to Conflict: Food & Culture Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown Season 2 Episode 1: Jerusalem As you watch, answer the video questions

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Origins

Zionism Began in the late 1800s Definition: desire to create a homeland for the Jewish people in what used to be the Kingdom of Israel Increased immigration of European Jews to area Area was controlled by the Ottoman Empire and inhabited by Palestinians

Balfour Doctrine Written in 1917 Before Britain got control of Palestine Official British statement to Zionist leaders saying: Britain supported a state for the Jews as long as it did not harm the “civil and religious rights of the non-Jewish citizens of Palestine” Led to an increase in tensions between Palestinians and Jews

Claims to the land Palestinian claim: They are indigenous to the land & majority of the pop (66%) British promise (fight against Ottomans…get independence) Jewish claim: Birthplace of the Jewish people & after being expelled from the land, always wished to return Been trying for centuries to return British promise (Balfour Declaration) Holocaust No solution reached…until WWII ends & Britain needs to decide what to do with the land

Post-WWII (1947) UN voted to divide Palestine into two states – UN Resolution 181 Jerusalem was to be an international city owned by neither side Palestinians (66% of the population) received 45% of the land Jews (34% of the population) received 55% of the land Mostly supported by Jews Not supported by Arabs Led to a 1 year civil war

Detailed Outline: DBQ Once all documents are done you will (alone or with a partner) OUTLINE the answers to the essay questions Outline must include: 2-3 causes of conflict (make sure you explain why it’s a cause, do not just list it—must demonstrate you understand deeper meaning) 2 impacts the conflict has had on Israelis 2 impacts the conflict has had on Palestinians

Outline Format A: Causes of the conflict: 1. Explain one cause of the conflict……(cite doc #) 2. Explain 2nd cause of the conflict …… (cite doc #) 3. 3rd cause B: Impact of the conflict on the ISRAELIS Explain one impact on the Israelis (can be positive or negative)…..(cite doc #) Explain 2nd impact on the Israelis (can be positive or negative)…..(cite doc #) C: Impact of the conflict on the PALESTINIANS Explain one impact on the Palestinians (can be positive or negative)…..(cite doc #) Explain 2nd impact on the Palestinians can be positive or negative)…..(cite doc #)

Arab-Israeli War 1948 May 14/15 – state of Israel announced May 14/15 – Neighboring Arab countries attacked

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) Founded in 1964: Palestinian organization dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state Charter of PLO stated: Palestinians had a right to self-determination and were willing to fight to regain their homeland Jews of Palestinian origin could continue to live within the liberated country of Palestine Palestine would be secular (non-religious) and democratic Used guerrilla warfare against Israeli’s 1972 Olympic Massacre Yasser Arafat was leader of PLO until his death in 2004.

War of 1967 – Six-Day War Israel took control of Sinai Peninsula (Egypt), Gaza Strip West Bank, Golan Heights (Syria) Size of Israel tripled Israel kept control of Gaza Strip (from Egypt) and the West Bank (from Jordan) until 1993 Arab governments in Middle East gave three NOs to Israel No peace No recognition that the state of Israel exists No negotiation with Israel Also demanded a state for the Palestinian people

1973: Yom Kippur War Syria and Egypt launched surprise attacks on Israel Yom Kippur is a high holy day Gained land initially, then Israel fought back and regained it America aided Israel Led OPEC to cut oil supplies to Israel and countries that supported it (USA, Japan, Canada, United Kingdom, & Netherlands)

1979: Camp David Accords Peace treaty signed between Israel & Egypt. Egypt recognized Israel’s right to exist - first Arab country to do so Israel returned Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

Sadat (president of Egypt) Executed in 1981

In 1987, the PLO, under the leadership of Yasir Arafat, launched the Intifada (uprising)

Intifada (Uprising) Widespread campaign of civil disobedience Use of boycotts & demonstrations Attacked Israeli soldiers, and rock throwing by unarmed teenagers Will last until the 1990s with little progress

1993: The Oslo Accords Portions of the West Bank & Gaza were to be governed by a Palestinian authority led by Yasir Arafat Attempts at peace today have been hindered by terrorist attacks

Terrorist Groups (According to US) Hamas & Hezbollah: Groups whose goal is the destruction of Israel and the creation of an Islamic Palestinian state methods include assassination, raids, bombing, and suicide bombing. 

Political Cartoon Analysis Working with your partner, you are to analyze the political cartoons on the Arab-Israeli Conflict and answer the following Reflection Questions: What is the common theme or position on the Arab-Israeli Conflict of the ten political cartoons? Explain the meaning and how it relates to conflict in the Middle East (answer for 3) What symbols do you see? What do they mean? (answer for 3)