Decolonization 1945-1975.

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Decolonization 1945-1975

Causes European imperialist powers were devastated by World War II Focus was on rebuilding Europe U.S. and U.S.S.R. were anti-imperialist Peoples of Asia and Africa asserted their independence

Asia Japan’s loss in WWII meant it had to give up Korea and Taiwan India was partitioned into Hindu and Muslim States in 1947 French returned to Vietnam and fought to retain it until 1954

Vietnam-Divided between a communist North and a non- Communist South in 1954

Middle East Aftermath of Holocaust accelerated demands for a Jewish homeland UN adopted a resolution in 1947 authorizing the partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states Proclamation of State of Israel in 1948 led to regional war

Africa France fought a long and bloody war to keep N. African colony of Algeria Sub-Saharan colonies w/large white minorities (Kenya, Rhodesia, etc.) also faced a difficult path to independence Struggle against apartheid in S. Africa continued until 1990

Post-Colonial Challenges How to form a stable gov’t? How to create unity from diversity? How to build a self-sufficient economy? How to negotiate a position between the superpowers?