SPACE RADIATION DOSIMETRY

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Presentation transcript:

SPACE RADIATION DOSIMETRY S. Deme, KFKI AEKI, Hungary 3rd ISOE EUROPEAN WORKSHOP Portoroz, Slovenia 17-19 April 2002

Space radiation Galactic 98% ions 87% protons 12% alpha p. 1% heavier (Fe) 2% electrons Solar ~ protons (minimum - maximum activity, flares) Secondary neutrons (up to 200 MeV) - albedo - interactions with spacecraft materials

Magnetosphere of the Earth and its influence on solar radiation

Magnetic field of the Earth

LEO space radiation Magnetic shield Pole Equator Pole Dose rate

Annual dose – aeroplanes (average)

LEO space radiation Galactic (constant) + solar (time dependent) particle radiation Van Allen belt (inner) Westward - protons <600 MeV Eastward - electrons <7 MeV SAA (South - 30°)

Annual dose – orbital stations (average) Space Shuttle Space stations

charged particles Irradiation geometry secondary neutrons

Personal dosimetry Area dosimeters + calculations - proportional counters (LET spectra) - silicon telescopes (LET spectra) - Bonner spheres (depth dose, neutrons) - phantom measurements Personal dosimeters - TLDs (ground/on-board readout) - PNTDs - Bubble detectors - silicon dosimeters

Ground exposure

T0

T0+

T>T0 dose rate 

T1

Shielding thickness

Dislocation of dosimeters, T2

Exposure

On-board measurement T3 Salyut-6, 1980 B. Farkas

Space Shuttle 1984 S. Ride

TLD data vs. readout time

Mir 1996 T. Reiter

On board TLD reader, Mir version

TLD data (1 h readout period)

SAA dose vs. longitude 70 60 50 40 Dose [μGy] 30 20 10 -100 -80 -60 Gaussian fit 60 measured data 50 EVA crossings 40 Dose [μGy] 30 20 10 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 20 Longitude [degrees]

International Space Station, 2001, J. Voss

Extravehicular activity (EVA)

Location of TLDs during EVA (NASA)

Location of TLDs during EVA (Russian)

EVA dose

Gradient of dose at the surface of space station MIR

Career limit vs. age at exposure (10 y duration) males females

Space missions Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Interplanetary space Earth’s magnetosphere 90 days to 180 days Interplanetary space outside the Earth's magnetic field Solar Particle Events (SPEs) several years countermeasures are necessary

Conclusions