Mammal review Image from: http://www.dallas-zoo.org/featured/featured.asp?page=wc
Order of mammals which includes humans. Primates In carnivores these teeth are the largest Incisors canines premolars molars canines
Process used by bats and cetaceans in which high frequency sound waves are bounced off objects to help in navigation. echolocation Flat sheet-like muscle located beneath the ribcage which helps move air into and out of the lungs. diaphragm
This portion of the brain which controls This structure which receives digestive & urinary waste as well as sperm/eggs is MISSING in most mammals (except monotremes) cloaca This portion of the brain which controls higher level thinking and learning is larger in mammals cerebrum
Most mammals belong to this group Name 3 characteristics of mammals Endothermic Hair 4 chambered heart Feed milk to young Single lower jawbone Specialized teeth Most mammals belong to this group Monotremes Marsupials Placental mammals Placental
Reproductive structure that stores and adds fluid to sperm in males. Seminal vesicles Aquatic, carnivorous, flipper limbed mammals including seals, walruses, and sea lions are called _____________________ pinnipeds
These structures give mammals their name and Mammals provide nourishment to their developing embryos growing inside the mother through this structure placenta These structures give mammals their name and provide milk to nurse their young. Mammary glands
How are the exit openings in the lower body of a rat different from that of a frog, turtle, or bird? Amphibians, reptiles, and birds have only ONE opening (vent). Digestive, excretory, & reproductive all empty into cloaca and exit through the same opening. Mammals have separate openings. Females have 3 (digestive, excretory, & reproductive) Males have 2 (excretory and reproductive share one opening)
Thin plates made of keratin which hang from the roof of the mouth in certain whales and strain food from the water. baleen First chamber in the stomach of a cud-chewing mammal like a cow which contains bacteria to digest plants. rumen
Mammals with hooves such as deer, elk, zebras, and horses. Ungulates Bean shaped excretory organs which remove urea from the blood kidneys
Warm-blooded animals are called ____________________ Large sac that branches from the intestine in non-cud chewers such as rabbits, horses, rodents, and elephants which contains microorganisms to digest plants. cecum Warm-blooded animals are called ____________________ endotherms
the group of mammals with pouches called ______________ This animal belongs to the group of mammals with pouches called ______________ marsupials Image from: http://www.lth3.k12.il.us/tworivers/Pet%20Projects/steve/classification%20of%20animals%202/Page_39_Mammax.html Excretory organ that is missing in birds, but seen in mammals. Urinary bladder
Male reproductive structure where Sperm mature and grow tails. epididymis Female reproductive structure where the embryo grows and is nourished by a placenta uterus
The only North American marsupial is the ___________________ oppossum Number of chambers in a mammalian heart. four
The organism (rat) pictured belongs to this group of mammals Located near the liver this structure stores bile in most mammals but is missing in RATS. Gall bladder The organism (rat) pictured belongs to this group of mammals Monotreme marsupial placental It is placental
Name the characteristics of primates Whales, dolphins, and porpoises belong to this order of mammals. cetaceans Name the characteristics of primates Larger brain, grasping hands, forward facing eyes fingernails instead of claws
Cud-chewers have a _______________ Reproductive organ that makes sperm. testes rumen Cud-chewers have a _______________ Cecum rumen cloaca
Bats use this sense when they navigate with echolocation. hearing One way you can tell a mammal fossil from a reptile fossil is to look at the ____________ Jawbone (mammals have a single bone in lower jaw) Teeth (mammals have specialized teeth based on diet)
Mammals are ____________________ Endothermic Ectothermic Endothermic Structure near the liver which produces trypsin used in the small intestine to break proteins pancreas
Air sacs in the lungs called _________________ increase surface area and absorb more oxygen. alveoli Mammals can be divided into 3 groups based on their reproductive strategies. Name the 3 kinds of mammals. Egg layers (monotremes) Carry babies in pouch (marsupials) Nourish baby with placenta (placental)
placental Humans are ____________________ mammals. Monotreme Marsupial Placental Name one of the two digestive parts seen in plant eating mammals that contains microorganisms for digesting plants. Cecum OR Rumen
Digestive organ that absorbs nutrients from food Small intestine The only flying mammals are __________ bats
Animals with a cloaca have a vent; organisms without a cloaca have an __________ anus Organ in males that transfers sperm to the female reproductive tract penis
Integumentary adaptation in mammals to keep warm Hair or fur What’s special about a rat’s teeth that’s different from ours? Incisors grow continuously
Name the 3 parts of the small intestine in order starting near the stomach. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum appendix In humans the _________________ is what is left of (vestigial) our cecum.
Monotremes ________________ are the only mammals with a cloaca large intestine The ___________________ absorbs water and concentrates digestive waste.
Like birds and reptiles, mammals have ______________ fertilization. The _______________ divides the lower portion of a rat’s heart into two ventricles. septum Like birds and reptiles, mammals have ______________ fertilization. Internal external internal
Reproductive organ that makes eggs You would expect a mammal that is a plant eater to have lots of teeth like these for grinding their food. incisors canines premolars molars Molars – flat for grinding Reproductive organ that makes eggs ovary
Type of coelom found in mammals True coelom (coelomates) deuterostomes Mammals are ________________ protostomes deuterostomes
Oviducts/fallopian tubes Match the tube with its function Carries air from glottis to bronchi _____________ Carries sperm from epididymis to seminal vesicles __________________ Carries eggs from ovary to uterus _____________________________ Carries urine from bladder to outside of body________________ Carries urine from kidney to bladder _____________ Carries sperm from seminal vesicles to outside of the body __________________ trachea Vas deferens Oviducts/fallopian tubes urethra ureter urethra
Non-cud chewers like horses, rabbits, rodents, elephants have a __________________ Cecum rumen cloaca cecum Mammals have a _____________ to store urine. Urinary bladder
pancreas & liver cerebellum cerebrum epididymis Match the MAMMAL body part with its function Makes digestive enzymes for the small intestine _____________ Controls muscle coordination _____________ Controls higher thinking and learning _________________ Coiled tubules where sperm mature and grow tails _______________ pancreas & liver cerebellum cerebrum epididymis
This part of the brain controls motor coordination cerebellum This part of the brain controls the internal organs. Medulla oblongata
bladder uterus Small intestine kidneys Mammary glands Match the mammal body part with its function Stores urine ______________ Muscular organ where embryo develops _________________ Completes digestion & absorbs nutrients ________________ Removes urea from blood _____________ Produce milk ______________ bladder uterus Small intestine kidneys Mammary glands
Which of the diagrams shows the kind of circulatory system found in mammals? 4 chambers 2 loops Images from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html
like the platypus are in the group of mammals called _______________ Egg-laying mammals like the platypus are in the group of mammals called _______________ monotremes Image from: http://www.lth3.k12.il.us/tworivers/Pet%20Projects/steve/classification%20of%20animals%202/Page_39_Mammax.html T or F This animal has a cloaca. True Egg laying mammals do.
Match the RAT body part with its function Windpipe ______________ Pouch where microorganisms help digest plant material __________ Makes bile for small intestine ___________ 1st chamber in the stomach of a cud-chewer ________________ Collects & processes blood removing worn out cells _____________ trachea cecum liver rumen spleen
Flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea epiglottis Like bird feathers and turtle shells, mammalian hair is made of the protein called ______________. keratin
This organ stores digestive enzymes Tell one way REPRODUCTION in rats is different than in birds: RATS BIRDS Separate reproductive exit cloaca Viviparity oviparity Embryos grow in uterus No uterus Penis for depositing sperm no penis/ cloaca line up Mammary glands make milk for young No mammary glands This organ stores digestive enzymes in most mammals but is missing in rats. Gall bladder
The name RODENTIA comes from the Latin word meaning _______________. To gnaw Number of chambers in the heart of a mammal FOUR 2 atria; 2 ventricles
Tell one way REPRODUCTION in monotremes is like that in REPTILES. Both lay eggs; have internal fertilization TRUE or FALSE The conus arteriosus and sinus venosus are missing in mammalian hearts. Yes they are missing
The largest part of a mammal brain is the ________________ cerebrum The cecum in mammals contains A. acid to dissolve plants B. microorganisms to break down cellulose C. Bile to break down fats D. Trypsin to break down proteins B- Mammals don’t have the enzymes to digest cellulose in plants, but bacteria do.
Ungulates are mammals that ___________________ Have hooves The salivary glands produce ________________ to start breaking down starch into simple sugars. amylase Ungulates are mammals that ___________________ Have hooves
The scientific name for whiskers is ___________________ vibrissae Another name for large intestine is ________________ colon
Name 2 of the functions of kidneys Remove urea from blood Produce urine Regulate ion/water balance in blood/tissues Just like in reptiles, birds, and amphibians, the largest vein in mammals is the _____________ Vena cava
The __________ side of the heart carries high oxygen blood. right left left Arteries _________________ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. arteries veins
The largest artery is the ____________ aorta Blood returning to the heart from the lungs enters the _________________ Left atrium
How are ALVEOLI in lungs like VILLI in the small intestine? Both increase surface area The flat grinding teeth located in the back of the mouth are called ________________ molars
RATS belong to the Kingdom __________________ Phylum _________________ Subphylum ________________ Class _____________ Order ______________ Animalia chordata Vertebrata Mammalia Rodentia
The opening for air is the ___________ glottis Number of exit openings in mammalian males two
Which 2 body systems share an exit opening in male mammals? Excretory and reproductive TRUE or FALSE Red blood cells in mammals have nuclei just like birds, frogs, and turtles. False- mammalian red blood cells lose their nuclei so they have more room to carry oxygen
Where would you look for villi? The skin covered cartilage that surrounds the outside ear opening is called the ______________ pinna Where would you look for villi? Inside the small intestine
The dividing wall that separates the The right side of the heart carries only ____________ oxygen blood. HIGH LOW LOW The dividing wall that separates the Ventricle in two is called the ____________ septum
Tell one way Mammals are like birds Both: are deuterostomes are coelomates in same Kingdom (Animalia), phylum (chordates) subphylum (vertebrates) are endothermic have 4 chamber heart closed circulation have 2 loop circulatory system internal fertilization separate sexes care for young direct development ….. There are lots more!
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