Introduction to Complex Sentences Learning Outcomes: SWBAT • recognize dependent and independent clauses. identify subordinating conjunctions; • explain the function of subordinating conjunctions; •compose complex sentences using a variety of subordinating conjunctions.

1. Study the following sentence pairs. 2 1. Study the following sentence pairs. 2. Be ready to discuss your observations. Zeus is the god of the sky whereas Poseidon is the god of the sea. Whereas Poseidon is the god of the sea, Zeus is the god of the sky. A) Rhea felt it her duty to defeat Cronos because he abused the power given to him. B) Because he abused the power given to him, Rhea felt it her duty to defeat Cronos.

1. Study the following sentence pairs. 2 1. Study the following sentence pairs. 2. Be ready to discuss your observations. Zeus is the god of the sky whereas Poseidon is the god of the sea. Whereas Poseidon is the god of the seas, Zeus is the god of the sky. A) Rhea felt it her duty to kill Cronus because he abused the power given to him. B) Because he abused the power given to him, Rhea felt it her duty to kill Cronus.

Independent vs.Dependent Clauses An independent clause is a group of words that has a subject and verb and can stand alone as a sentence. I call the subject and verb in an independent clause the main subject and the main verb. Examples: Zeus is the God of the sky. Rhea felt it her duty to defeat Cronos.

Independent vs.Dependent Clauses A dependent clause is a group of words that has a subject and verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence. (it is also referred to as a subordinate clause.) Examples: Whereas Poseidon is the god of the sea Because he abused the power given to him

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Why do we use them? Subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce dependent clauses in a complex sentence. They express a specific and logical relationship between multiple ideas in the sentence.

Subordinating Conjunctions Function Subordinating Conjunctions Show different time relationships After As Before Since When Until Whenever While Show a contradiction or contrast Although Even though Though Whereas While Show something seems true but is not As though As if Show a reason, cause/effect Because Since So that Show a condition for something to happen As soon as Even if If Unless Whether

Grammar Rule for Composing Complex Sentences EXAMPLE 1 When a subordinating conjunction introduces a dependent clause at the beginning of a sentence, punctuate with a comma. Idea A Idea B Contrast Zeus is the god of the sky whereas Poseidon is the god of the sea. Whereas Poseidon is the god of the seas, Zeus is the god of the sky. Idea B Idea A Contrast

Effect (this was the result) EXAMPLE 2: Effect (this was the result) A) Rhea felt it her duty to kill Cronus because he abused the power given to him. B) Because he abused the power given to him, Rhea felt it her duty to kill Cronus. Cause (this happened first) Cause (This happened first) Effect (This was the result)

How do I use SUBORDINTING CONJUNCTIONS to compose a complex sentence? There are TWO sentence pattern options First option: Subordinating conjunction dependent clause , + independent clause. Example: Although Prometheus was spared for offering his counsel to Zeus, the gods defeated the Titans. ***Notice the use of the comma.***

How do I use SUBORDINTING CONJUNCTIONS to compose a complex sentence? SECOND OPTION Independent clause + subordinating conjunction (followed by) dependent clause. The gods defeated the Titans although Prometheus was spared for offering his counsel to Zeus. ***Notice we do not use the comma.***

YOUR TURN!!! On a separate sheet of paper: Write 3 complex sentences that demonstrate that you can accurately and precisely use subordinating conjunctions. Please do this on a separate sheet of paper that you will turn in for a grade. Please skip 1-2 lines between each of your sentences. Please proofread your sentences. Refer to the TWO sentence patterns for guidance.