PH 105 Labs Hints for New LA (1/2) Presented by: Prepared by: Di Fan

01 02 03 INDEX Lab Hardware and Software Setup Data studio Brief introduction Basic trouble shooting Frequently made mistakes 02 Units and units consistency Measurement error Hints for using excel Hints for Specific Experiments 03 More hints for each lab P.S. I put this section to another ppt since it’s too long

Hardware Software 01 &

Lab Hardware Computer Sensors PASCO Interface Other equipment Collect data from sensors Control other equipment such as wave generator Other equipment

Lab Software: Data Studio ICONS: SUMMARY: opens and closes the summary area on left (i.e., frame with Data and Displays). SETUP: open the ``Experiment Setup" window. START: begins the data acquisition and the icons changes to ``STOP". CLICKing on the STOP ends the data acquisition. CALCULATE: open a calculator window as shown. THE GRAPH WINDOW: EXIT: The window is removed permanently. RESIZE: The size is changed from large to small, or vice-versa. MINIMIZE: The window is shrunk and should appear as an icon in the Data Studio workspace. SCALE TO FIT will rescale the x and y axes to fit the current data set. ZOOM IN will enhance the size of the graph features. ZOOM OUT will reduce the size of the graph features. ZOOM SELECT: After CLICKing on this icon move the cursor into the plot and CLICK then DRAG to select a region of interest. All calculations will refer to this region of interest. ALIGN X SCALE: If there are multiple graphs this will align all the X axes. SMART TOOL turns on cross hairs so that graph x,y positions are read out directly. SLOPE TOOL determines the slope at a point CURVE FIT CALCULATE launches the calculator applications TEXT DRAW PREDICTIONS SHOW STATISTICS shows/hides statistics for a selected region of interest. You must first select the area of the graph you want to analyze by CLICKing on the ZOOM SELECT icon and the moving to the upper left corner of the ROI. The drag the cursor (CLICK and hold) diagonally across the graph to generate a rectangle that encloses the area chosen. REMOVE DATA: GRAPH SETTINGS: This icon allows for complete customization of the plot.

Basic Trouble Shooting When the setup not work, we need do: Make sure only one DataStudio window is active Make sure the sensor is connected to the right channel Restart the DataStudio Restart the interface and computer When the sensor is bad, we need do: Give the group another sensor Label the bad equipment as [might be bad] and leave it away from other equipment.

Frequently made mistakes 02

Measurement Error Check equipment and connection Things that easy to forget: Tare the force sensor every time before use The hanger itself has mass 0.050kg The scales measure weight in [g] not [kg] Rulers we use in lab measure length in [cm] or [inch] not [m] Vernier scale usually measure diameter not radius My suggestion is find a lab setup and do the measurement very quick, so you will know a approximate value they looking for. When students get a measurement result that way off, help them to find out problem early can save a lot of time.

Units and Units Consistency SI Units in calculation: When plug numbers to formula, use [kg] not [g], [m] not [cm]. Room temperature 25 [℃] = 298.15 [K] Base and derived units: [N] = kg · m / s2 [J] = N m = kg · m2 / s2; [W] = J / s = kg · m2 / s3; etc. Encourage students to check the units consistency in calculations Encourage students to check the units consistency in calculations, especially when they try to solve a question in wrong way or “created” a wrong formula. Understand units is really helpful, for example, a force of friction done certain work to the system if the system moved certain distance under friction---- the unit of work [J] = [N] · [m], this way the concept will make more sense for them. These knowledge points usually seems very straight forward for us as physics majors, but not all students have same level of understanding of physics. I think this is important to keep in mind.

Hints for Using EXCEL Find slope or polynomial coefficient Select the two columns of data you want plot, click “Insert” in the tool bar, then choose scatter, click the first option, graph will appear. Single click the graph, a “+” bottom will appear on the top right, choose adding “Trendline”. To edit the trending line, double click the trending line in the graph, a “Format Trendline” tool bar will pop out from the right side (see next slide). P.S. if a professional graph with axis titles need, we can add them same way.

Hints for Using EXCEL Double click the trendline to access “trendline options” Choose the right fit, click “display equation” the slope/coefficient will be displayed in the equation Except the common linear fit or power fit, some time we use polynomial fit, the concept is same.

Common Problems w/ EXCEL plot Inverse x and y axis: Putting data in wrong column when generate the plot. Improper units Improper function fit for Trendline Linear, Polynomial or Power function

Dr. Murray D. Silverstone Works Cited Acknowledgements 105 Lab Instructions. (n.d.). Retrieved from pages.physics.ua.edu/lab10x/105pdf.html Winokur, M. (n.d.). PASCO© Interface and Computer Primer. Retrieved from http://badger.physics.wisc.edu/lab/manual2/node39_ct.html PASCO. (n.d.). ScienceWorkshop® 750 Interface Instruction Manual. Retrieved from https://www.nhn.ou.edu/~johnson/Education/Juniorlab/DataStudio/750-Interface-012-08101A.pdf. UA Physics Department Dr. Patrick R. LeClair Dr. Murray D. Silverstone Desmond Villalba Lei Lu Shuang Wu