“Deng the Small and Plain” Deng Xiaoping “Deng the Small and Plain”

Whether a cat is black or white makes no difference Whether a cat is black or white makes no difference. As long as it catches mice, it is a good cat Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping Born: 1904 Died: 1997 (92) Barley 5’ Tall, 120 Lbs. Joined the Communist Revolution in the 1920’s Became the Dominant Leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

1976 The Year of the Dragon September 9th Mao Dies Hua Guofeng heads the Politburo The Gang of Four Attempt to seize power Includes Mao’s Wife Jiang Qing (Madame Mao) Arrested Oct. 20th, 1 Million March to Cheer Put on trial, guilty, jailed

The Gang of Four on Trial

Gang of Four Out of the Way They were sentence to death, Later commuted to long-term imprisonment After a period of political indoctrination Jian Qing was released in 1991 and died soon after Deng became leader of China in 1978

“De-Maoization” Against the Cultural Revolution – 1979 declared a major setback Four Modernizations :industry, agriculture, science and technology, and national defence Deng’s policies more practical and responsive to the economic times Willing to alter communist ideologies for what’s best for the country Deng was part of the Long March

“To Get Rich is Glorious” —attributed to Deng Economic Reforms “Socialism and a market economy are not incompatible” Opening to international trade and investment Introduction of profit motive “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics” or Capitalism in a Globalized Era?

Deng Xiao Ping’s Successes Economics Farmers were allowed to produce more food on their own initiative Private ownership is allowed Borrowed from foreign states to boost infrastructure Deng was part of the Long March

An “open door policy” announced 1979 Four “Special Economic Zones” were created to open regions to foreign investment and partnerships Markets rather than central direction

An Economic Miracle China’s economy has grown at about 8% yearly per person for the last 30 years— about a tenfold increase in output per person. By some measures, China now has the second-largest economy in the world. When Deng became leader, over half China’s population was poor by global standard. Now the figure stands at 10% or less.

Deng Was the First Communist Leader to Visit the USA (1979) Political Successes

Deng Xiaoping’s Successes 1984 successful negotiation to return Hong Kong to the Chinese Agreed that HK would be returned to China in assurance that it would keep its economic and social systems Instead of China bringing down HK, it seems that the success in HK has become a model for China to follow

Social Reform One Child Policy 1979 1980 China had 1 billion people Has been limited to urban populations Fines, pressures to abort a pregnancy, and forced sterilization accompanied second or subsequent pregnancies

Effects of One Child Policy Caused a disdain for female babies abortion, neglect, abandonment, and even infanticide Estimated to have lowered the population by 300 million 80’s generation now of childbearing age and are allowed to have two per couple (if you don’t have siblings)

Deng Xiao Ping’s failures Continued to purge any threats to the CCP – 1978 and 1986 puts down democratic demonstrations Didn’t want years of revolution to go to waste – therefore continued to push for dictatorship, not democracy No protests 1979 border war with Vietnam 1979 failure to revive a relationship with Russia

Tiananmen Square Massacre 1989 In 1989, after several weeks of demonstrations, Chinese troops entered Tiananmen Square on June 4 and fired on civilians. Estimates of the death toll range from several hundred to thousands. It has been estimated that as many as 10,000 people were arrested during and after the protests. Several dozen people have been executed for their parts in the demonstrations.