Texas – Manifest Destiny – Mexican War U.S. History Texas – Manifest Destiny – Mexican War

Objective 2.01 Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union 1801 – 1850.

Manifest Destiny Belief that God wanted American to expand West…and beyond John O’Sullivan - 1845 Led to Mexican War

Oregon Trail From Independence, MO to Portland, OR – carried thousands of immigrants west

Texas Revolution in 1836 – fights war for independence with Mexico Back to 1820s, American settlers began to settle Texas Tejanos and Americans clashed Slavery Import duties

Texas Revolution Santa Ana Mexico

Sam Houston/ Stephen Austin

Stephen Austin Established one of the first colonies of American settlers in Texas

The Alamo

Goliad Texans attack Mexican troops at Presidio La Bahia Flag of the Texas Rebels

“Remember the Alamo” Alamo inspires many to join the fight

Expansion becomes a nat’l issue Many Americans want to expand Especially Southerners Texas wants to be part of the Union

Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) Settled boundary dispute in Maine (w/ Great Britain) US monitored slave trade (restricted) Settled troublesome issues through diplomacy

Why is Texas a hot topic? Slavery – southerners wanted expansion Northerners did not want expansion

Election of 1844 James K. Polk – Democrat – Expansionist James G. Birney – Liberty – Abolitionists Henry Clay – Whig – endorsed annexation

James K. Polk Wins a landslide electoral victory – close popular election

“54 40 or Fight!” Polk wanted to annex Oregon

Texas Annexation Congress and Tyler see Polk’s election as a mandate for the annexation of Texas

Problems with Mexico Slidell’s rejection Ready for war John Slidell sent by Polk to talk to Mexican gov’t. Wants to offer to buy New Mexico and California Mexican gov’t. refuses to talk to him Ready for war

Taylor’s troops Polk ordered Gen. Zachary Taylor (“Old Rough and Ready”) to the Rio Grand R. in 1845

Disputed Land 100 miles of disputed territory between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande River

WAR! Taylor’s troops ambushed by Mexican troops Polk – “American blood shed upon American soil”

A. Lincoln – “Spot Resolutions” Congress declares war

U.S. mobilization U.S. mobilizes speedily 50,000 volunteers

Mexican War U.S. won several victories Winfield Scott – “Old Fuss and Feathers”

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Ended Mexican War U.S. gained Mexican Cession, ~ ½ of Mexico’s territory, and much of present-day Southwestern U.S.

Wilmot Proviso If passed would have guaranteed that slavery would not extend to any part of Mexican Cession defeated

U.S. settlers move to California Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill Gold rush brings diversity to CA. Many settlers rush to CA in 1849 (49ers)

Gadsden Purchase Small Southwestern strip of land purchased by US from Mexico in 1853 for $10 million with the intent of building a southern transcontinental railroad Completes the lower 48 states

Expansion brings slavery to the front again Expansion of the country brings division Will slavery expand into the territories?

American Progress, John Gast 1872

"The Progress of America" by Domenico Tojetti 1875

"Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way (Westward Ho "Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way (Westward Ho!)" by Emanuel Leutze  1861