Manifest Destiny/The US Falls Apart Unit 5 Manifest Destiny/The US Falls Apart

WESTWARD HO!!!!

MANIFEST DESTINY Lady Liberty Floats Westward “Our manifest destiny is to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions”

SETTLING TEXAS “The Great American Desert” Great Plains – Rocky Mts. Mexican Encouragements Speak Spanish Become Catholic No slaves The Austin Family & Texas Moses Austin Stephen Austin

Conflict Leads to Rebellion Mexican feel Texans aren’t with the program! Americans Respond with Texas Independence March 2, 1836 Pass a constitution that legalized slavery

Remember the Alamo American Folk Heroes: Davy Crockett & Jim Bowie American Propaganda General Sam Houston & Texas Rebels Battle of San Jacinto 1836 Texas Independence.??? Van Buren & Annexation???

Pushing to the Pacific Oregon Trail & Fever (1843) California Fine harbors (Puget Sound) Easy access to trade with China Fertile soil California “ There's a pile of gold, I’ve been told On the banks of the Sacramento”

Election of 1844 54º40' or Fight! Would determine the US westward policy Issues at hand: A) Annexation of Texas as a slave state B) British Expansionist policy in North America? C) Manifest Destiny & Oregon Fever (end joint occupation and establish 54º40'

Election of 1844 54º40' or Fight! James K. Polk Instead of Tyler (distrust) Gov. of Tennessee Slave owner Favored annexation “Young Hickory” Called for the -Occupation of ALL of Oregon & Annexation of Texas 54º40' or Fight! Opp. – H. Clay Same Old story

Polk’s Expansionists Policy “We were sent to provoke a fight. ” U. S Polk’s Expansionists Policy “We were sent to provoke a fight?” U.S. Grant This is all just the beginning…Hmmm I wonder how much more territory can I get for the United States?

The War With Mexico Polk’s Plan General Zachary Taylor & John Slidell – a secret 2,000 soldiers occupy diplomat to try and buy disputed land along the California & New Mex. for Rio Grande $30 million John C. Fremont (U.S. Army) & Various Naval Commanders - encourage Mexicans in CA to declare independence and call for peaceful annexation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Outbreak: Polk orders Taylor into the disputed Rio Grande area looking to provoke a clash – when it occurred blame Mexicans

To War or Not to War President Polk’s War Address to Congress We Won – Texas becomes a state (1845) Opposition from the conscience Whigs who believed this was motivated in order to extend slavery. Slavery & Expansion become heated issues of debate

Consequences & Impact of the Mexican –American War Wilmot Proviso Designed to forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from Mexico Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Negotiated by Nicholas Trist A) Mexico would recognize the Rio Grande as the s. border of Texas B) U.S. would pay $15 million for California & New Mexico Free-Soil Party Political party that viewed slavery as a threat to republicanism

Slavery & The Expanding South Cotton was the cash crop. More production, more slavery, more slave states

The Complex Compromise A. Fugitive Slave Law B. Admitted California as a Free State C. Abolished Slave Trade in Washington D.C D. Organized remaining Mexican Cession territory into New Mexico & Utah under Popular Sovereignty

The US Economy in the 1850’s Tremendous growth Northern industrial growth, southern agricultural growth. Huge increase in RR mileage Lots of immigration, beginning in the 1840’s Irish Germans German Jews

Geographic Results

Pierce & Expansionism Mexican Territory South of the Rio Grande Gadsden Purchase (1854) $10 million Caribbean Central America Expansion Cuba - War with Spain?? Ostend Manifesto Slave Power Returns???

Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854 Causes & Motivation Impact Stephen Douglas Transcontinental Railroad Initial Bill & Southern Opposition Compromise Impact Free Soilers + Conscience Whigs + Know Nothings = Republican Party

Bleeding Kansas Testing Popular Sovereignty Lecompton vs Lawrence

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Taney’s Decision & Impact Scott is not a citizen BLACKS are not citizens!

The Emergence of Abraham Lincoln Childhood & Family Background Early Political Career Position/Stance on Slavery

Lincoln Douglas Debates U.S. Senate election of 1858 Douglas (D) vs. Lincoln (R) Series of 7 debates Hot Topic: Slavery & the Territories

Lincoln Douglas Debates “a house divided against itself cannot stand” Equal economic opportunity for all free blacks. Against Dred Scott Douglas “This government was made by our fathers, by white men for the benefit of white men and their posterity forever” Freeport Doctrine

Rising Radicalism Republicans gain momentum The Beating of Sumner Democrats Split Moderate Dem – Jefferson Davis Fire Eaters – Robert Barnwell Rhett John Brown & Harpers Ferry, Virginia Election of 1860

ELECTION OF 1860 Abraham Lincoln John C. Breckinridge Republican Southern Dem. John Bell Stephen Douglas Const. Union Northern Dem