Enzymes

Amylase Activity Obtain petri dish filled with a gelatin and cornstarch mixture Soak cotton swab with your saliva Draw / write on surface of gelatin Place used swabs in lid Wait 30 minutes

What are Enzymes? Proteins that speed up reactions in living organisms Found in every cell Reusable Specific: one enzyme only works for one type of reaction Thousands in every cell, shape…tertiary shape determines which substrate

Enzymes Lower Activation Energy

Enzymes are used to: Digest food Synthesize new molecules Store and release energy LOTS of very specific jobs! Lactase…digest lactose

Enzyme Action Label parts…hydrolysis reaction is shown

Place for proper orientation Weak hydrogen bonds Place for proper orientation Shape of enzyme determines function, held in place by WEAK hydrogen bond

What affects enzyme activity? 1. Concentration of substrate Till saturation point is reached

What affects Enzyme Activity? Concentration 2.Temperature

What affects enzyme activity? Increase temperature Till enzyme becomes denatured Decrease Temperature Molecular movement slows down

What affects Enzyme Activity? Concentration Temperature 3. pH Optimum = Right pH depends on enzyme

What affects Enzyme Activity? Concentration Temperature pH 4. Cofactors and coenzymes (“Helpers”) Examples: Vitamins Minerals (Iron, Calcium), Zinc

What affects Enzyme Activity? Concentration Temperature pH Coenzymes 5. Competitive Inhibitors Compete for active site Block attachment

What affects Enzyme Activity? 6. Noncompetitive Inhibitors Bind to another site Induce conformational change

How are enzymes named? Substrate + “ase” Clues: Lactose  lactase Sucrose  sucrase Lipids  lipase Synthesis of DNA  DNA polymerase Substrate + “ase”

Finish Amylase Activity Pour a weak iodine solution over surface of the gelatin What happened? Why? Summarize in your Cornell notes: What did you do? What did you observe? Why did it happen?