Helena Cuellar and Andre Parrilla Lysosomes Helena Cuellar and Andre Parrilla

Lysosomes = Animal cells

Structure Sac/Vesicle single membrane, a phospholipid bilayer spherical shape contains many enzyme molecules 3D shape protects vulnerable bonds from enzymatic attacks

So...where do they come from? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ This guy Golgi Apparatus (but you already knew that..I hope)

Functions Use enzymes to breakdown macromolecules About 50 different enzymes Hydrolytic enzymes- use water to break down substrates have an acidic interior pH level of about 5 Fuse with old organelles and digest them to destroy and recycle Plasma membrane repair Destroy any foreign material like bacteria or viruses When a cell gets damaged, lysosomes burst and the enzymes eat up their own cells If a lysosome breaks open or leaks its contents, the released enzymes are not very active because the cytosol has a near-neutral pH. However, excessive leak- age from a large number of lysosomes can destroy a cell by self-digestion.

Some cells use lysosomes to digest food particles to survive like this Amoeba...

Why are lysosomes important? Allows a cell to renew itself A human liver cell, for example, recycles half of its macromolecules each week. Without it, there would be a build of macromolecules. For example, in Tay-Sachs disease, a lipid-digesting enzyme is missing or inactive, and the brain becomes impaired by an accumulation of lipids in the cells