Lesson Starter What are enzymes made out of?

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Presentation transcript:

Lesson Starter What are enzymes made out of? Why did the enzymes work best at 35°C? Explain what happens to the enzymes active site about 50°C and the effect this has on enzyme activity

Enzymes http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nutrition/6418

To learn about the affect of pH on enzymes Learning Intention To learn about the affect of pH on enzymes

What we know so far.. Enzymes are made of protein They have a SPECIFIC shape- complimentary substrate Too cold- enzymes work v slowly Too warm- active site loses shape- DENATURED Working range- enzyme is active Optimum- PERFECT!

Enzymes and pH Enzymes have an OPTIMUM pH Cells in our body have pH of 7- most enzymes OPTIMUM pH

What do you think the optimum temperature of pepsin would be? Involved in digestion of protein Found in stomach Human stomach ACIDIC What do you think the optimum temperature of pepsin would be?

Pepsin works best between pH 2 and 3 Involved in digestion of protein Found in stomach Human stomach ACIDIC Pepsin works best between pH 2 and 3

What does this tell you about the optimum conditions for catalase? Working range between pH 7 and 11 Optimum pH is around pH 9 What does this tell you about the optimum conditions for catalase?

Catalase works best in ALKALINE conditions Working range between pH 7 and 11 Optimum pH is around pH 9 Catalase works best in ALKALINE conditions

Every day uses of enzymes

Biological Washing Powders Contain enzymes (from bacteria) Digest the large molecules that make stains- can be washed away Different enzymes for different things

Experiment: Aim To demonstrate the effectiveness of biological and non-biological detergents at different temperatures

Apparatus 4 test tubes Test tube rack 4 pieces of (stained) fabric 2 x 10 ml syringes Whole class shared Water bath @ 70°C Water bath @ 40°C Biological detergent Non-Bio detergent

Method Label the test tubes A, B C, D Place 5 mls of water in each of the test tubes Into test tubes A and B add a spatula full of BIOLOGICAL detergent Into test tubes C and D add a spatula full of NON-BIOLOGICAL detergent Place A and C into the water bath at 40 °C Place B and D into the waterbath at 70°C Leave for 30 minutes

Biological enzymes Biological washing powders contain enzymes to help to remove stains from clothes Different stains are removed by different types of enzymes

Biological washing powders Fat stains- butter What type of enzyme would digest a fat stain? Lipase- fat-only digesting enzymes

Biological washing powders Starch stains- grass What type of enzyme would digest a grass stain? Amylase- starch digesting enzyme

Biological washing powders Protein stains- blood What type of enzyme would digest a grass stain? Protease (pepsin/trypsin)

Method- In your own words Write the method for setting up the experiment for someone else to follow Include an apparatus list, step by step instructions and diagrams

What do you think will happen in each test tube and why? Hypothesis What do you think will happen in each test tube and why?

Results Which detergent worked best at 40°C? Why?

Conclusion SAVES ENERGY Biological detergents (containing enzymes) work best at low temperatures- OPTIMUM Non-bio detergents work best at high temperatures What would the big benefit be of using a biological detergent? SAVES ENERGY