#46 Ch 12 Notes

#42 Ch 12 S 1 Details: Read & Notes Ch 12 S 1 ________________

Chapter 12: Politics of the Roaring Twenties Section 1: Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues

Standards 11.5.2 Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks. 11.6.5 Trace the advances and retreats of organized labor

Objectives Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to: Summarize the reaction in the United States to the perceived threat of communism Analyze the causes and effects of the quota system in the U.S. Describe some of the conflicts between labor and management after the war

Postwar Trends Life after the war was difficult Nativism and isolationism were common attitudes Nativism- prejudice against foreign born individuals Isolationism- a policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs Americans were gripped by a fear of Communism An economic and political system based on a single-party government ruled by a dictator which equalized wealth and power by ending ownership of private property, and placing industries like factories, railroads and other businesses under the control of the government. The Red Scare The Palmer Raids The Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

The Red Scare Lenin and the Bolsheviks led a communist revolution in Russia Called for a worldwide communist revolution A communist party formed in the U.S. 70,000 members at the peak Several dozen bombs were mailed to government and business leaders. Americans began to fear a communist revolution.

The Palmer Raids Leader: Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer Goal: Find evidence of communist rev. Find suspected Communists, socialists, and anarchists Trampled civil rights, invaded homes, and jailed suspects with no legal counsel Hundreds of foreign born radicals were deported without trials Palmer raids never turned up any evidence of Communist revolution

Sacco and Vanzetti Italian immigrants and anarchists May 1920, both arrested for murder & robbery Both claimed innocent and had alibis Evidence against was circumstantial Jury found them guilty and sentenced them to death Despite vigorous protests worldwide the executions went forward Protestors thought Sacco and Vanzetti were treated unfairly because they were immigrants and held radical beliefs

The Ku Klux Klan Used anti-communism as an excuse to harass others not like them KKK Goal: 100%Americanism White, native-born, Christian Wanted: blacks kept, “in their place” destruction of Saloons eliminate unions drive away Roman-Catholics, Jews, and immigrants

Limiting Immigration “Keep America for Americans” (nativist) Immigrants un-liked because they worked for low wages in unskilled industries Following WWI, need for unskilled labor was low Nativists wanted less immigrants allowed in the country Nativist feelings perhaps came from the fact that some people involved in labor disputes were immigrant anarchists and socialists, believed to be Communists

Immigration Quota System Response to immigrants from wrong countries Goal: Only let in the “right” immigrants. Emergency Quota Act (1921): Established the # of people who could enter the U.S. from each foreign country per year. 2% of the number of immigrants from the country in 1890 were allowed to immigrate per year Discriminated southern and eastern Europe (Roman Catholics & Jews) that came after 1890 Prohibited Japanese immigration Did not prohibit any immigrants from the western hemisphere from entering (Canada & Mexico)

Labor Unrest Conflict between labor and management Workers wanted better hours and pay Management wanted to pay less and profit more 1919: 3,000 strikes 4 million workers walked off the job Employers associated communists and unions to gain public support against unions Boston Police Strike (417) unsuccessful The Steel Mill Strike (417) unsuccessful The Coal Miners Strike (418) successful

Labor Movement Loses Appeal In the 1920s union membership dropped 5 million down to 3.5 million Reasons for decline: Immigrants willing to work in poor conditions Difficult to organize immigrants (language) Ex-farmers were self-reliant Most unions excluded African-Americans

DQs Why did America move toward isolationism? How did Americans react to the threat of communist takeover? What was the purpose of the Quota System? Why did the American public turn against strikers in the 1920s?

#42 Ch 12 S 1 Details: Read & Notes Ch 12 S 1 Margin ?s: A-D (4) Study Guide ?s 1-4 (4)