History During the 1st century AD (year 100), glass had been invented . Romans experimented with different shapes of clear glass and one of their samples.

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Presentation transcript:

History During the 1st century AD (year 100), glass had been invented . Romans experimented with different shapes of clear glass and one of their samples was thick in the middle and thin on the edges. They discovered that if you held one of these “lenses” over an object, the object would look larger.

1590, two Dutch spectacle makers, Zaccharias Janssen and his father Hans put several lenses in a tube and saw object near the end of the tube appeared to be greatly enlarged, they invented the compound microscope, a microscope that uses two or more lenses.

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek of Holland became very interested in lenses grinding them smaller with greater curvatures resulting in magnifications up to 270X. With his new improved microscope he was able to see things that no man had ever seen before like bacteria, yeast, blood cells and many tiny “wee beasties” swimming about in a drop of water. From his great contributions, many discoveries and research papers, Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) has since been called the "Father of Microscopy".

Types of Microscopes Electron Microscopes: Use beams of electrons instead of visible light, very high resolution and depth of field in images Scanning Electron(SEM) 10x-500,000x, scans surfaces ANT BLOOD FOLLICLE MITE POLLEN It lives in your eyelashes!

Transmission Electron(TEM): up to 10,000,000X Beam penetrates object shows interiors Can you name these cell organelles? MITOCHONDRIA GOLGI ROUGH ER CELL MEMBRANE

The Invention that Changed the World! Microscope The Invention that Changed the World!

Light Microscopes Compound Light Stereo light Light travels up through the object mounted on a slide Very small translucent specimens Light travels down from top onto object no slide is used Large opaque objects. SKIN CELLS vs SKIN ON FINGER

4x to BODYTUBE 10x Brings object into view NEVER used on M and H CONDENSER narrows beam of light below slide

The Objective Lenses Mounted on the revolving nosepiece, these lenses allow the object’s image to be magnified to different powers without having to use different microscopes. Make sure the lens used is above the condenser and ‘clicked’ into place!

Total Magnification Calculated by multiplying the eyepiece magnification by the objective lens magnification… EYEPIECE OBJECTIVE TM 10X 4x 40x 10x 100x 40x 400x

The Diaphragm Disk under the stage that adjusts the amount of light. Widens or narrows the beam. Alters contrast not focus! #1=low light #5=max light Read by looking down at the numbered edge of the disk at front of the stage. Adjust with index finger by rotating the disk to the desired setting The diaphragm/condenser alters light similar to the way a pencil alters a drawn line: Very sharp = thin, crisp edges, high contrast Very dull = wide, rough edges, low contrast

Field of View Area viewed within the eyepiece. Round circle of light. Field of view decreases as magnification increases, so it is very important to always re-center your object before rotating to M or H power

Depth of Field The ability of a microscope to focus on different levels, one at a time. Look carefully… how many cell layers can you see? Which layer is in focus?