Predicting Reactions

General equation: AB + c  AC + B Single Displacement General equation: AB + c  AC + B +  Like a “girlfriend thief”

Helpful Hints Metals replace metals and hydrogen Halogens replace halogens Metals + H2O metalOH + H2 Metal OH is metal hydroxide

Activity Series Most reactive Non-metals F2 Cl2 Br2 Most reactive I2 Li Rb K Cs Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Ti Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au Most reactive Least reactive Activity Series Non-metals F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 Most reactive Least reactive

Steps to Predicting Single Displacement Rxns Look at the reactants given and determine if the single element is a metal or a halogen Look at the compound given in the reactants, and find the same type of element (metal or halogen) identified in step 1 Find both elements on the reactivity series

Look at the products formed If the element identified in step 1 is higher on the reactivity series than the element in step 2, then they will switch places to form new products Look at the products formed If the single element is a diatomic molecule, it needs a subscript of 2 If your compound is not neutral; look at the charges and add subscripts to make it neutral

Examples 1. Zn + AgNO3 2. Cl2 + KI 3. Ag + KNO 3

General equation: AB + CD  AD + CB Double Displacement General equation: AB + CD  AD + CB  Like “Wife Swap”

Steps to Predicting Double Displacement Rxns Rewrite the cations from the reactants on the product side Switch the anions, make sure new compounds are neutral!! Write the physical state of all compounds Metal OH is metal hydroxide

Driving forces Formation of… How do you recognize it? Precipitate Results in the formation of an insoluble product (solid); use the solubility chart Gas You must recognize the substances that are gaseous. These are listed on your blue equation sheet. Water Water is always a liquid.

Solubility ability to dissolve in water

Soluble exceptions: Gas formation NO2(g) NO(g) CO2(g) SO2(g) NH3(g) H2S(g) CO(g) H2(g) HCN(g)

Examples Li2CO3(aq) + Co(CH3COO)2(aq) Fe(NO3)3(aq) + K2S(aq) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) HNO3(aq) + CsOH(aq) Na2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq)