Genetics is the scientific study of . inheritance

Parents pass to their offspring. genes

What does letter A represent? Chromosome C A B

What does letter B represent? DNA C A B

What does letter C represent? Gene C A B

A gene is a that contains the instructions for making . segment of DNA one specific protein Fur protein (keratin) Fur color gene Hemoglobin gene

DNA: instructions for proteins Gene: instructions for protein all one Eye color Tail length Fur color Blood type

Genes are passed from parent to offspring through the (sex cells). gametes

Gametes combine during the process of . fertilization

Since combine during fertilization, offspring receive of each gene. 2 gametes 2 copies Egg Sperm Gene Gene Gene Offspring Gene

Trait: eye color Blue Blue Blue Blue

Trait: eye color Brown Blue Brown Blue

Alleles are of a gene caused by , resulting in slightly . different versions different sequences of nucleotides different proteins Fur color gene Fur color gene G C T G C A T A C T A G C A G T T G Black Tan C G A C G T A T G A T C G T C A A C Fur color gene C G A G C T C T A Gray G C T C G A G A T

Different genes or different alleles? Gene: scale color Green allele Purple allele Blue allele Red allele

Different genes or different alleles? Gene: hair texture Straight allele Wavy allele Curly alelle

Different genes or different alleles? Gene: fur length Short allele Long allele

Different genes or different alleles? Gene: flower position Top allele Side allele

Different genes or different alleles? Tail gene Silk gene Hair gene

Different genes or different alleles? Mane gene Stripe gene

Different genes or different alleles? Gene: stripes Tan and brown stripes White and black stripes

Different genes or different alleles?

Different genes or different alleles?

Different genes or different alleles?

Different genes or different alleles? Head shield gene Venom gene

Gene: hair color Alleles: The word “gene” is more . The word “allele” is more . general specific Gene: hair color Dark brown Dark red Light red Brown-black Alleles: Blonde Auburn Black

Why do different alleles make different proteins? Different sequence of nucleotides Green allele Blue allele Purple allele Brown allele

C A T G A T G G A T G U A C U A C C U A New alleles are produced by . mutation C A T G A T G G A T G U A C U A C C U A Val Tyr His Leu

A labradoodle is an example of a . hybrid Curly allele Straight allele

Hybrids are the offspring of . parents with different alleles Curly allele Straight allele

Alleles may in a hybrid, or one allele may be than another. blend stronger BROWN HAZEL

Is the offspring a hybrid or non-hybrid?

Is the offspring a hybrid or non-hybrid?

Is the offspring a hybrid or non-hybrid?