Population Ecology #2

In Pg. 26 What is an Abiotic Factor?

Do it now Pg. 26 What is a Biotic Factor?

Notebook Check Notebook Check Sheet! Odd will be Wednesday! Even will be Thursday!

Pg. 27 Title Page Use the biology book to help you. Label title page at the top of the page (in any color) Use 5 different colors of magic marker, Pencil and pen. Draw a picture of a biotic factor. Draw a picture of an abiotic factor. Draw a picture of a group of animals living together. Draw a picture of an animal living solitary lifestyle. Define Ecology. Define and explain Biotic and Abiotic. Draw a picture of a place you would love to live. These are all pretty small pictures and can be place. randomly on your paper but be sure to label each one.

Do it again Pg. 26 What are living factors called that influence a population?

Out Pg. 26. What are nonliving factors that influence a population called?

IN Pg. 28 What are limiting factors?

Do it now Pg. 28 What are examples of animals that live in herds or packs?

Cornell Notes Pg. 29 What are models?

What are Models? Models are representations of real objects or systems used to solve problems and predict outcomes Physical models= a 3 dimensional representation used to show relationships between parts. Model solar system Conceptual models= a diagram that shows how the parts of a larger whole are related. Food web Mathematical models =based on mathematical equations. Computer models= computer programs that make predictions.

Thru 1 Pg. 30 & 31 Analysis Questions Pg. 30 Instructions Copy on Pg. 31 What is a model? What is a physical model? What is a conceptual model? What is a mathematical model? What is a computer model? Oodles of Models Activity Read Oodles of Models hand out Fill in oodles of models half sheet diagram Glue half sheet diagram on back of Oodles of models reading page. Attach all of this to page 31 and get stamped.

Do it again 28 What are models able to do that graphs and data tables can’t do?

Out Why isn’t there such a thing as a perfect model? What choices do you need to make when creating a model?

In Pg. 32 Why are models important?

Do it now Pg. 32 What is a mathematical model?

Intro. To Ecosystems Cornell Notes-Pg. 33

What is ecology? Ecology- the study of organisms and their environment. Reveals relationships between living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) parts of the environment. Abiotic factors include… Biotic factors include….

What are the two types of factors? Abiotic Factors Precipitation Temperature Soil Water Air Geographic features like mountains Biotic Factors Plants Animals Bacteria Fungus Microscopic organisms like plankton

The Biosphere

What are the Levels of organization in ecology? Biosphere- the portion of the earth’s surface that supports life. Ecosystem- all of the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) factors interacting in the environment. Community- all of the populations that interact in an area. Population- a group of organisms of the same species that live at the same place at the same time. Organisms- individual living things.

What are the Levels of organization in ecology? Biosphere- the portion of the earth’s surface that supports life. Ecosystem- all of the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic)interacting in the environment. Community- all of the populations that interact in an area. Population- a group of organisms of the same species that live at the same place at the same time. Organisms- individual living things.

What are the differences in these to types of areas? List 5

What is the idea of an ecosystem? Eco=Greek “oikos” which means house. System=a set of interrelated parts that work together and DEPEND on each other.

Can you identify this image? Without knowing the scale the image was taken, you might guess it is a type of plant. This image was taken with an electron microscope and zoomed in 50X. You most likely would not guess that this is an image of human eyelashes.

Why is SCALE important? Ecosystems exist at different scales. Microscopic=consists of organisms not visible to the naked eye. Macroscopic=consists of organisms you can see with the naked eye. Can range from small areas like a tidal pool to large areas like the ocean. Regardless of scale, an ecosystem still consists of Abiotic and biotic factors Competition Predator/prey relationships

What is an example of a Microscopic Ecosystem? Photographer David Littschwager captured this amazing shot of a single drop of seawater magnified 25 times to reveal an entire ecosystem of crab larva, diatoms, bacteria, fish eggs, zooplankton, and worms. In this single drop of water we can find all of the observable features of an ecosystem: biotic and abiotic factors, competition for resources, and predator prey relationships. Seawater magnified 25X

What is an example of Macroscopic Ecosystems? Macroscopic ecosystems can also range in scale, from a small freshwater pond to an entire rainforest. Yet in either system, we will find biotic and abiotic factors, competition for resources, and predator prey relationships.

Do it again Pg. 32 What are some important parts of an ecosystem?

Out Pg. 32 For the ecosystem pictured what are some: Abiotic parts What is the difference between the 2?

How Populations are Described In: Pg 34 Copy this slide Density-average # of individuals per unit of area Size-the total # of individuals How Populations are Described Distribution-how the individuals are spread through the environment

Do it Now Pg. 34 What are 3 ways populations are described?

Concept of Definition Map copy on Pg.35 Category What is it? Properties How would you describe it? Ecosystem Comparison What is it similar to? Illustrations What are some examples?

Concept of Definition Map copy on Pg.35 Category What is it? Properties How would you describe it? Population Comparison What is it similar to? Illustrations What are some examples?

Analysis Questions Pg. 36 What was the focus of the mark and recapture lab? What did the beans represent? What did each abbreviation stand for? M CwM Cw/oM What is the formula for calculated population size?

Thru 1:Pg. 36 Mark and Recapture Lab Complete the lab and finish the analysis questions. Tape it in here as a flap.

Do it again Pg. 34 What was the focus of the Mark and Recapture lab?

Out Pg. 34 In this lab were you finding the density, size, or distribution of your bean population? Explain. 3+ complete sentences

In: pg 38 Draw and label each type of distribution. 2. Come up with your own definition for each term: Population Distribution= Clumped= Uniform= Random=

Do it Now Pg. 38 How are each of the answers for the In different?

Cornell Notes Pg. 39

How do we describe a population? Population size is the total # of organisms. Population distribution is how the organisms are spaced in their environment. NO COUNTING…it’s a pattern. Population density is the # if organisms in a particular area at a given time. Regions with the highest population size do not necessarily have the highest population density, since land area is an important variable in calculating population densities China had a population in 2004 of 1,300,100,000 with a density of 136 people/square kilometer Japan had a population of 127,600,000 with a density of 338 people/square kilometer

Density/Distribution POGIL You are doing this as a table group and turning in one paper with everyone’s name on it. Jobs: Organizer–Reads the directions to the group and makes sure everyone knows their jobs and all sections are completed. Communicator– only person allowed to communicate with other groups and ask questions of the teacher. Numbers Guy or Gal-- makes sure each part is done on time and does any math necessary and runs the calculator. Recorder—decides how to record the answers on the sheet…should be the only handwriting on the paper.

Thru 1: Pg. 40 & 41 Pg. 40 Analysis Questions Pg. 41 What is the formula for area? What are the 3 types of population distribution models or types – see your in question for help How are the habitats arranged in each picture? How are the calculations performed in #4 Who had each job in your group? Write the instructions from the next slide that are in green in any color you would like to. Pick a group Do the population pogil and staple it in as a flap on page 41.

IN Pg. 42 Greatest population density? Lowest population density? According to the human population density map of NV, which areas have the… Greatest population density? Lowest population density? How do you explain this distribution?

Cause of Death in an Elk Population Do It now Pg. 42 Cause of Death in an Elk Population What type of model is this? What predators eat elk? What is the main cause of death for 3-12 yo? What age of elk do bears kill?

Cornell notes Pg. 43 Populations continued

Rates Rate is a measure of an event during a specific amount of time Speed measures distance/time Birth/death rates are calculated in occurrences per 1000 usually during a year #births = birth rate x pop1 #births = 10 babies x 50,000 people = 500 babies 1000 people born

Populations Populations are all of the individuals of a species in an area or region.

Population growth rates A population growth rate describes how a population changes over time. Any population that increases in size is said to have a positive growth rate. A decreasing population has a negative growth rate. A population that remains the same size has a zero growth rate. What are the variables that determine a populations growth rate? The growth of populations is regulated by 4 different factors: birth rate, death rate and the movement of individual into(immigration) and out of the population(emigration).

Thru 1: pg 44 Population Projections Intro Questions A rate is… Growth rate is… A population that is increasing has a_____ growth rate. A population that is decreasing has a __ growth rate. The 4 things that affect growth rate are… ________ is the movement of organisms into a population and _______ is the movement out.

Pg. 45 Calculating growth rates Population = Final pop. in year 10- Initial pop. in year 1 Growth rate Initial pop. in year 1 Remember If the population is increasing, it has a + number for its growth rate. Initial pop.=5000 Final pop.=15000 Growth rate = 15000-5000=10000= 2 5000 5000 If the population is decreasing, it has a - number for its growth rate. Initial pop.=6000 Final pop.=2000 Growth rate = 2000-6000= -4000= -.67 6000 6000

Draw on Pg. 45 The slope of a line tells you a population’s growth rate __ + # Of Indiv. Years

Thru 2 Pg. 46 & 47 Pg 46 Create a graph for each of the data tables. These are graphs 1,2 and 3. Don’t forget to do your calculations. Pg 47 Population Projections Fill out data tables 1, 2 and 3.

Do it again Pg. 42 Why is a population Growth curve important for Scientists?

Out Pg. 42 Draw the following axis and draw a line that would represent a country with a zero population growth rate over 50 years. Assume that the initial population was 50,000. 100 # of individuals (in thousands) 50 50 Years

In: Pg 48 What conditions could cause: UN high projection UN middle projection UN low projection

Do it now Pg. 48 What causes a decline in population #’s?

Thru 1: Pg. 49 Carrying capacity = the number of organisms a particular habitat can sustain Exponential growth Carrying capacity Logistic growth # of individuals Time

Thru 2 Pg. 50 Differences Similarities Differences Logistic growth Exponential growth Logistic growth Differences Similarities Differences

Thru 3 Pg. 51 Limiting factors determine the carrying capacity of the environment. What do you think is the main limiting factor for living things in the desert?

Title: Title Population Density

How are Populations Limited? Populations are limited in size by different factors: Density independent factors-not dependent on how many individuals of the species there are—fire, flood, weather. Density dependent factors-dependent on how many individuals there are in the population—competition for resources, disease, predation.

Thru 4:Pg 52 A Population Study: African Lions Go to website on the top of the question sheet. https://concord.org/stem-resources/african-lions-modeling-populations With a partner, work through the model and answer the questions on your own sheet of paper Tape the paper in as a flap on this page

Out Pg. 52 Density Dependent Factors Density Independent Factors Classify the following as density independent or density dependent: Tornado Competition for food Floods Disease (this means communicable disease or disease caused by dirty conditions) Competition for mates Hurricane Crowding and stress ( this means many animals will kill their young or have reduced fertility when the environment is over crowded) Climate changes (like global warming or an ice age) Competition for shelter Predation

In: pg Define: Population Dynamics: The study of the change in a population over time. Demography: The study of human populations.

Demographic transition Less developed countries with higher death rates tend to have higher birth rates. This leads to a bottom heavy pyramid. This means there are lots of young people and fewer older people. As a countries develop, death rates decrease (normally due to better nutrition and health care), birth rates also decrease. This leads to a pyramid that is about equal at the top and bottom. This means there is an equal amount of younger and older people.

Demographic Pyramids

Thru 2 Pg Pg Power of the Pyramids Do 1—pick one side for your table. Analysis Questions What do the pyramids tell you about a population? Which country has More adults and fewer children? More children and less adults? Which country has: 3. high birth rate and death rate? 4. low birth rate and death rate? Pg Power of the Pyramids Do 1—pick one side for your table. Between all of the people at your table you should have all 3 countries for one side done so you can answer the analysis questions Tape graphs here!

Out Which country has a high birth rate and high death rate? Explain.

Old stuff

Ch 18-Intro to Ecology Pg 131 Cornell notes

In: Pg How many people do you think live In Nevada? In the United States? In the world?

Nevada: 2,700,551 (2010: US Census Bureau) United States: 308,745,538 (2010: US Census Bureau) World: 7,000,394,000 (11/2/11: World Population Clock)

Chapter 7 and 9- Modeling Human Population Growth and Changing Populations. Thru 1: Pg Cornell Notes

Thru 2 Pg Pg 3 Column Vocabulary Population 2. Demography 3. Population dynamics 4. Exponential growth 5. Population density 6. Population size Pg Pick ONE word from the vocab. list to the right. Create “T-shirt Art”(#1 on the “Fab 5” sheet on pg. 2 of your INB) for the vocab. word. Make sure you read the directions carefully!!!

Demography Every person counts Front of shirt Back of shirt

Out Draw a diagram/picture to represent the difference between population size and population density.

Thru #2 Pg Analysis Conceptual Model Description of Model Pg Create your own conceptual model for any topic you chose. Description of Model Write 3+ sentences describing your conceptual model. Tell me what info. you are communicating in this model. Pg Do “Creating Conceptual Models” and tape in INB

Out Video games are a model of real or imaginary situations. What type of model is a video game? Why?

Wed. 11/23 Quiz #3 today—get out paper!

INB Quiz #4 What is the title of the Cornell notes on pg.39? What type of growth is human population experiencing? Pg 39 _____ ______ is the total # of organisms inhabiting a given area at a given time. Pg 41 What is one of the uses of a model? Pg 43 What is one input into your model of a green plant? Pg 45 What is the answer to #1 on pg 47?

Thru 1: pg Which 2 of the following 4 statistics do you think has the biggest impact on fertility rates? Circle them!! Daily caloric intake (average # of calories eaten per person per day) Per capita income (average income per person) Infant mortality(# of children/1000 births who die before 1 year) Population per doctor (total # of people/total # of doctors)

Thru 2 Pg Pg 9.2 Comparing Countries Analysis Questions Which 2 of the 4 statistics from the graphs have a positive correlation to fertility rate? Why do you think these statistic(s) cause an increase in fertility rates? Which 2 of the 4 statistics have a negative correlation to fertility rate? Name 2 other statistics that you think might affect fertility rates other than the four we have already discussed. Explain why you picked these statistics (from #4). How would a change in fertility rate affect the population size of a country? Pg 9.2 Comparing Countries Do a best fit line for each of the graphs.

Out Are graphs a type of model? Explain. Complete sentences

Death Rates per Thousand

United States Fertility Rates

Thru 1: pg Evaluating a Theory Read Evaluating a Theory and do the CLOZE passage.

Out What stage from the Demographic Transition model is the US in? Explain. Complete sentences Rule of 3

Thru 1: pg Guided Reading for Ch. 19

Homework Finish Guided Reading for Ch. 19.

Tues. 5/14 and Wed. 5/15 Quiz #5 today

Population density is the # if organisms in a particular area at a given time. Regions with the highest population size do not necessarily have the highest population density, since land area is an important variable in calculating population densities China had a population in 2004 of 1,300,100,000 with a density of 136 people/square kilometer Japan had a population of 127,600,000 with a density of 338 people/square kilometer

Thurs. 5/16 and Fri. 5/17

Which of the following factors is a density independent limiting factor? Competition Disease Drought Predation

abiotic/biotic factors Out Ecosystems of different scales can exist in the same environment. Explain how this video clip demonstrates this. abiotic/biotic factors 3+ sentences

In: pg Place the “Yes” card at one end of your desk and the “No” card at the other end of your desk. With your partner, read each of the cards and place it into the “Yes” or “No” pile. How did you decide which pile to place each card in?