Chemistry

Atom – the basic building blocks of matter http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/atoms.htm Atom – the basic building blocks of matter

The Atom Nucleus Protons – positive charge Neutrons – neutral charge Electron Shell Electrons – negative charge https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3YR8e_iHlk&index=78&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl

The Atom https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5iaw5WNuB0&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl&index=66

https://www. youtube. com/watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kbe57m-tpY&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl&index=102 The Periodic Table

Atomic Number Element Symbol Atomic Mass Number Element – substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means into another substance Atomic Number Element Symbol Atomic Mass Number

Bohr Models of Atoms Atomic Number – number of protons in an atom’s nucleus Atomic Mass Number – combined number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0078600472/164155/00044672.html

Bohr Models of Atoms Electron Shells 1st – 2 2nd – 8 3rd – 18 4th – 32 The highest energy level with any electrons in it is called the outer shell.

Using the Periodic Table Family http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/periodic-table.htm

Three Groups Metals Conduct heat and electricity well Becomes shiny when polished Melt at high temperatures Can be easily reshaped

Melt at lower temperatures Three Groups Nonmetals Have a dull surface Melt at lower temperatures Tend to break when bent

Have properties of both metals and nonmetals Three Groups Metalloids Have properties of both metals and nonmetals http://mrhardy.wikispaces.com/Periodic+Table.swf

Mystery Elements Game! http://www.columbia.k12.mo.us/ojhs/Newton/recipiesformatter/theperiodictable/phy03_int_ptable/phy03_int_ptable.swf

Try Matching Elements with their Symbols http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=SCI102

Chlorine- a poisonous green gas When one or more electrons from one atoms jumps to or is shared with another atom, a compound is formed. Sodium- shiny metal that catches fire when put in water and tarnishes quickly in air Chlorine- a poisonous green gas http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/elements-and-compounds.htm

Formation of Sodium Chloride https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LK2fIn_U0MY Na+ Cl- Atoms with positive or negative charges are called ions.

Types of Bonds Ionic Bond - compound formed when an atom gives an electron to another atom Covalent Bond - when two or more atoms share their electrons with each other https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdQqFHNOWAA&index=65&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl

Molecules A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that still has all the qualities of that compound.

Chemical Formulas H O 2 2 Hydrogens 1 Oxygen

Phases of Matter Solids Liquids Gases Plasma http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078600472/164155/00044682.html

Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is. It is a measure of how fast the particles in a material are moving.

Solids Definite shape Particles move slowly Particles packed tightly together http://www.kidsknowit.com/educational-songs/play-educational-song.php?song=Solid, Liquid, Gas

Liquids Definite volume No definite shape Takes shape of its container Particles flow more easily than in solids

Gases No definite shape No definite volume Particles flow freely Particles are spread far apart

Solids, Liquids, and Gases http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/solids-liquids-gases.htm

How tightly are the atoms packed together? Solids Liquids Gases How tightly are the atoms packed together? How do the atoms move? Examples

Plasma Extremely hot Electrically charged Gaseous 99% of matter in the universe Rare on Earth Found mainly in lightning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDZhUkp30tE&index=107&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl

Melting Point- solid becomes a liquid (melting)

Boiling Point – liquid becomes a gas (vaporization/evaporation)

Freezing Point – liquid becomes a solid (freezing) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/8_9/solid_liquids.shtml

Sublimation - occurs when a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas

Physical Changes A physical change changes the property of a substance without changing the substance completely. In other words, a physical change is reversible.  http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/changes-of-matter.htm

Signs of a chemical change include: Chemical changes cause a new substance to be formed, and they also either release energy or absorb it. Signs of a chemical change include: Smoking Change in color Change in temperature Bubbling or fizzing http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078600472/160350/00044680.html

Mixture – a physical combination of two or more substances that blend together without forming new substances. Homogenous Mixtures – a mixture that has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout. Heterogenous Mixtures - a mixture that contains distinct substances that are physically and often visibly separate. http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/mixtures.htm

Suspension – a heterogeneous mixture made of parts that separate upon standing.

Emulsion – a suspension of two liquids that usually do not mix together; rather, droplets are suspended

Colloids – a stable mixture in which small, fine particles of one material are scattered throughout another material blocking the passage of light and not settling out. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pr7JU0zsLNs&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl&index=103

SOLUBILITY is the ability of a substance to dissolve. http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/mixtures.htm Solubility SOLUBILITY is the ability of a substance to dissolve.

In the process of dissolving, the substance which is being dissolved is called a solute and the substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent. solvent solute

A mixture of solute and solvent is called a solution.

Factors that Affect Solubility: Stirring Crushing Temperature http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/10_11/rev_irrev_changes.shtml

How Can You Take a Mixture Apart? Filtration – separating a liquid from a dense, insoluble solid. Distillation – process of separating liquids by using evaporation and condensation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pr7JU0zsLNs&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl&index=103

Acids and Bases http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/acids-and-bases.htm

Comparison of Acids and Bases Chemical formulas begin with H Have a pH less than 7 Taste sour Turns blue litmus paper red Examples: soda, vinegar, fruit juices, tomatoes Bases: Chemical formulas end with OH Have a pH greater than 7 Taste bitter and feel slippery Turns red litmus paper blue Examples: Antacids, household cleaners, egg whites

Acids or Bases? 4 10 2 8 3 11 http://www.kidsknowit.com/interactive-educational-movies/free-online-movies.php?movie=Acids And Bases

Neutrals A substance that is a 7 on the pH scale is called a neutral. Water is an example of a neutral substance. http://mrhardy.wikispaces.com/pH.swf