ELECTROMAGNETISM UNIT 2018

Title your page: ELECTRICITY LT: How is lightning similar to getting an electric shock when you reach for a metal doorknob? Title your page: ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC CHARGES are from PROTONS (POSITIVE) and ELECTRONS (NEGATIVE)! STATIC ELECTRICITY – accumulation of excess electric charges on an object NOTE: *ATOMS become CHARGED by GAINING or LOSING ELECTRONS!* (So…what are you creating??? Chemistry anyone??)

ELECTRICITY LAW OF CONSERVATION OF CHARGE: electric charges can be TRANSFERRED from object to object but CANNOT be CREATED or DESTROYED!! (Sound Familiar??)

OPPOSITE signs ATTRACT ELECTRICITY LIKE signs REPEL OPPOSITE signs ATTRACT

ELECTRICITY CONDUCTORS Material where electrons move EASILY EXAMPLE: metals INSULATORS Material where electrons are NOT able to move easily EXAMPLE: wood, plastic, rubber

ELECTRICITY CHARGING BY CONTACT Transferring charge by TOUCHING (CONDUCTION) or RUBBING (FRICTION) EXAMPLE: Scrubbing a balloon on your hair and then sticking the balloon to the wall CHARGING BY INDUCTION Rearranging of electrons on one object that cause a charge to a NEARBY object EXAMPLE: Van Der Graaff Generator!!

ELECTRICITY Task for this section… Draw a DIAGRAM explaining how a lightning strike occurs. (Color is NOT required)

ANSWER THE LT: How is lightning similar to getting an electric shock when you reach for a metal doorknob? Videos for help: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-0gNl5f4BU – The Science of Lightning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gixkpsrxk4Y – Electricity with Bill Nye https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-k7YY0d3NtA – Conservation of Electric Charge – Bozeman Science https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opz_Grl_vQA – Electric Charge – Bozeman Science http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/191/1702 - Static Electricity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwJ-MM7yu4E – Electrostatic Induction – Bozeman Science

Title your page: ELECTRIC CURRENT LT: What property of electric current allowed Edison’s first light bulb to light? Title your page: ELECTRIC CURRENT

ELECTRIC CURRENT ELECTRIC CURRENT: net movement of electric charges in a single direction through a WIRE or a CONDUCTOR. VOLTAGE : force that causes electric charges to flow **Charges flow from HIGH VOLTAGE to LOW VOLTAGE** (HIGH concentration to LOW concentration…sound familiar??)

ELECTRIC CURRENT CIRCUIT – CLOSED path that electric current follows Battery, wires, & voltage allow current to flow! SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT SIMPLE

ELECTRIC CURRENT DRY CELL BATTERIES Chemical reactions occur in a moist PASTE causing transfer of electrons EXAMPLE: Ordinary Batteries (AA, AAA, C, etc.) WET CELL BATTERIES Contains 2 connected plates made of different metals in a conducting solution. EXAMPLE: Car battery

ELECTRIC CURRENT RESISTANCE: tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical energy into thermal and light(radiant) energy. BEST (LOW RESISTANCE) WIRE: SHORT, FAT, & COLD WORST (HIGH RESISTANCE) WIRE: LONG, THIN, HOT

Tesla vs. Edison Check these videos on Nikola Tesla’s Alternating Current (AC) and Thomas Edison’s Direct Current (DC). Pay CLOSE attention to the videos. You will have a TASK based on them. Tesla v. Edison 1 Tesla v. Edison 2

ELECTRIC CURRENT Task for this section… Write a ½ page “mini essay” comparing Thomas Edison to Nicola Tesla (DC vs. AC).

ANSWER THE LT: What property of electric current allowed Edison’s first light bulb to light? Videos for help: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJeAuQ7pkpc – electricity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szSOJx0EUSs – electric current

Title your page: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS LT: Why does your home have a circuit breaker or fuse box? Title your page: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Part Function Symbol Bulb Will light when the circuit is COMPLETE Battery Cells that produce electrical energy Switch Can be turned on (CLOSED) to let current flow OR off(OPEN) to stop current flow Wire Containment for current

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLELCIRCUIT EXAMPLES: flashlight, OLD Christmas bulbs EXAMPLES: homes, vehicles COMPLEX CIRCUIT – combination of SERIES & PARALLEL circuits.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Electrical energy enters your home at the CIRCUIT BREAKER or FUSE BOX and branches out to appliances, wall sockets, & lights. CIRCUIT BREAKER – small piece of metal that bends when it gets hot , opening circuit and stopping current. FUSE – small piece of metal that MELTS if current becomes too high, opening the circuit.

ANSWER THE LT: Why does your home have a circuit breaker of fuse box? Videos to help: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RJ6Kdk8KDo – Electric Circuits – Bozeman Science https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2EuYqj_0Uk – series and parallel circuits – Bozeman Science http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/191/442 - Parallel Circuits http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/191/443 - Series Circuits

Title your page: MAGNETISM LT: Why are magnets so important? Title your page: MAGNETISM

MAGNETISM MAGNETISM – refers to the properties & interactions of magnets where there is a force of attraction or repulsion between like or unlike poles *Strength of force between 2 magnets depends on the distance between them*

MAGNETISM MAGNETIC FIELD – exerts a force on other magnets and objects made of magnetic materials *Strongest CLOSEST to the magnet*

MAGNETISM ALL magnets have a NORTH POLE & SOUTH POLE

MAGNETISM MAGNETIC MATERIALS (Ferromagnetic)– only a FEW metals, such as iron, cobalt, & nickel are attracted to magnets or can be made into permanent magnets. PERMANENT MAGNETS – made by placing a magnetic material in a strong magnetic field forcing magnetic alignment to occur.

MAGNETISM MAGNETIC DOMAINS – group of atoms with aligned magnetic poles (not seen with human eye)…how permanent magnets are made

MAGNETISM Task for this section… Draw (or print) 5 examples of how magnets are used in our everyday lives. Be SURE to include an explanation for each drawing

ANSWER THE LT: Why are magnets so important? Videos for help: http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/191/1361 - Magnetic Domains https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFAOXdXZ5TM – Minute Physics – Magnets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Y4JSp5U82I – Intro to Magnetism – Khan Academy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-gVHE2VY0o – Magnetic Properties

Title your page: MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY LT: How can you increase and decrease the strength of an electromagnet? Title your page: MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY

MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY When an ELECTRIC CURRENT flows through a wire, a MAGNETIC FIELD forms around the wire. STRENGTH of the magnetic field depends on the amount of CURRENT flowing in the wire!

MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY MORE COILS = MORE STRENGTH MORE CURRENT = MORE STRENGTH ELECTROMAGNETS – temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil carrying a current around an iron core INCREASE STRENGTH of the magnetic field by ADDING MORE TURNS to the wire coil (called a SOLENOID) or INCREASING THE CURRENT passing through the wire.

MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC MOTOR – device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy In a SIMPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR, an ELECTROMAGNET rotated between the poles of a PERMANENT magnet!! ELECTRIC GENERATOR – a device that changes mechanical energy to electrical energy Check out the video on a SIMPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR: http://www.teachertube.com/video/simple-electric-motor-32046#

MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY DIRECT CURRENT (DC) ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) Current that flows in ONLY ONE direction through a wire. (EDISON) EXAMPLE: A Battery Reverses the direction of the current flow in regular patterns (TESLA) EXAMPLE: Any appliance that plugs in DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATINGCURRENT

ANSWER THE LT: How can you increase and decrease the strength of an electromagnet? Videos for help: http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/191/1434 - electromagnets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FCYGbOWk4w – electromagnetism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH2VpzHtIh0 – making an electromagnet