Day 1: Pre-Columbian Society & Exploration Essential Questions: What were characteristics of the major groups of Native Americans before contact? Why did Europeans colonize the Americas? Readings: Kennedy Ch. 1 (beginning - Columbus Comes upon a New World) Zinn – Columbus (pgs. 1-7) or Exploration - Cortez vs Aztec Account

Notes: Pre-Columbian Society & Exploration

Three Worlds Meet - 1492 Americas Africa Europe Population: Land Area: 16 million square miles 12 million square miles 4 million square miles Important Empires: Major Advancements: Contact with Other Worlds: Draw this chart in your notes and complete it using pgs. 8-11 of the Nystrom History Atlas

Central and South America (continue notes) Maya – 1500 BCE to 1546 CE Aztecs – 1200-1521 CE Inca - 122-1535 CE Common Features: Complex governmental and social structures Polytheistic Sprawling cities and road systems Advanced calendars, mathematics, and communication systems.

Southwest Harsh and inhospitable environment. Anasazi - Ancestors of the Hopi and Pueblo. Built huge cities, often in the sides of cliffs. Hopi, Yuam, and Zuni - farmers, permanent homes. Maize Cultivation Apache and Navajo - nomadic hunters.

Northwest Hunting, fishing (salmon) and cedar made these tribes wealthy. Massive canoes known to hold fish and 20 warriors. No written language - used totem poles to record stories through images. Social system - nobles, commoners, slaves Examples: Chinook Cowlitz Nooksack Tlingit

Great Plains Nomadic - followed the buffalo migrations. Used all parts of the buffalo for food, shelter, clothing, weapons, tools, spoons, cups, whips, and containers. Used tepees while on their hunting trips for shelter and to transport possessions. Early Europeans reintroduced the horse = better hunting and travel Examples: Blackfoot Cheyenne Comanche Crow Pawnee Sioux

Northeast Variations of climate, landscape, and natural resources = wide variations of cultures Wigwams and longhouses Iroquois - group (league) of tribes originally comprised of the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca tribes. Matrilineal Other examples Chippewa Huron Shawnee

Southeast Hunters, gatherers, and farmers. Remained in the same general area, but were move where food was most abundant. The Three Sisters: Corn, squash, and beans Examples: Cherokee Chickasaw Choctaw Creek Seminole

Age of Discovery European Explorers fueled by a desire for: new sources of wealth increased power and status converts to Christianity. Spain and Portugal wanted to establish trade with Asia and financed overseas exploration

The Age of Discovery Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) Sponsored by the King and Queen of Spain Sailed west to find a quicker route to Asia 1st voyage led to 3 more – further explored Caribbean and destroyed natives. Treaty of Tordesillas: divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain

You will be assigned an excerpt from this reading passage. Document 1.1: “Columbus, The Indians, and Human Progress” Howard Zinn – A People’s History of the United States You will be assigned an excerpt from this reading passage. The Discovery (pg 2-3) The Goals (pg 3-5) The Natives (pg 5-6) The Impact (pg 6-7) Complete today’s document journal entry, and then be prepared to present your findings to the class. You will be asked to share sections of your APPARTS so the rest of the class will have a more complete understanding of their own reading.

Questions for Columbus If Columbus walked in the door right now, what questions (clarifying, challenging, contextual) would we have for him? The Discovery The Goals The Natives The Impact

Other Explorers (continue notes) Portugal Vasco de Gama (1460-1524): Discovered an all water route to India. Ferdinand Megellan (1480-1521): 1st to sail around the world England: John Cabot: claimed parts of North America France: Jacques Cartier: St. Lawrence River Samuel Chaplain: Great Lakes area Robert de la Salle: Mississippi River Dutch: Henry Hudson: Hudson River looking for a “Northwest Passage” to Asia.

Wrap Up What were characteristics of the major groups of Native Americans before contact? Why did Europeans colonize the Americas?