Block 1 Do Now 1. What are the five major branches of earth science. 2 Block 1 Do Now 1. What are the five major branches of earth science? 2. Describe the work of meteorologists. 3. What is ecology? 4. Give an example of an ecosystem and explain how it is self- supporting

How is a scientific hypothesis different from a scientific theory? Block 2 &3 Do Now How is a scientific hypothesis different from a scientific theory? What are the two sources of energy for the Earth’s surface? Define observation

1.5 What Is Scientific Inquiry? Science 1.5 What Is Scientific Inquiry? ◆ Science assumes the natural world is • consistent • predictable ◆ Goals of science are • to discover patterns in nature • to use the knowledge to predict

1.5 What Is Scientific Inquiry? Hypothesis and Theory 1.5 What Is Scientific Inquiry? ◆ An idea can become a hypothesis—tentative or untested explanation theory—tested, confirmed, supported hypothesis ◆ Scientific Method Gather facts through observation Formulate hypotheses Test hypotheses to formulate theories

1.5 What Is Scientific Inquiry? Science Methods 1.5 What Is Scientific Inquiry? ◆ Scientific knowledge is gained through • following systematic steps 1. Collecting facts 2. Developing a hypothesis 3. Conducting experiments 4. Reexamining the hypothesis and accepting, modifying, or rejecting it 5

Scientific Method State the Problem Gather Information Form a Hypothesis Test the Hypothesis State a Conclusion

Scientific Method State the Problem Scientific inquiry often begins as observation. Observation is using the senses of sight, taste, touch, smell, and hearing.

Scientific Method 2. Gather Information To investigate a problem, scientists gather information. One way to acquire data is through measurement. -qualitative: the quality -quantative: based on quantities **Accuracy is important in scientific measurements.**

3. Form a Hypothesis A hypothesis proposes a possible explanation or solution A hypothesis is based on fact established through observation.

4. Test the Hypothesis A hypothesis is tested by experimentation. Experimentation-an operation or procedure carried out under controlled conditions in order to test or establish a hypothesis -Variable - factor in an experiment that can be changed -Controlled experiment – set up to test a variable

5. State a Conclusion Conclusion- the final process of the scientific method by which scientist reveal whether the hypothesis was proven correct.

Independent and Dependent Variables Independent Variable: The variable that you CHANGE Dependent Variable: The variable that you observe and measure the RESULT of

Example-Rain and Zebras Observation: A scientist studied the relationship between the amount of rain and the number of zebras born each spring. Independent Variable: Amount of rain Dependent Variable: Number of zebras born

Control Variable Also called a constant Control variable: a variable which does not change during an experiment so that results remain accurate

Experimental Group & Control Group Experimental group: the subject(s) being tested Control group: the subject(s) who do not receive experimental treatment and are used as a comparison

CHALLENGE: Pitfall! Don’t confuse control variable with control group. Control variables, or constants, stay the same for the entire experiment Control group is a group that is used for comparison

Think, Pair, Share 2 Minutes Question: Is there a relationship between the number of hours spent studying and the score a student gets on the weekly quiz? Identify the: Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Variables Experimental Group Control Group

Think, Pair, Share Independent Variable Number of hours spent studying Dependent Variable Score on the weekly quiz Control Variables Amount of sleep Content knowledge Difficulty of the quizzes

Think, Pair, Share Experimental Group Students studying more (or less) hours than normal Control Group Students studying the normal amount of hours

Graphing Data After collecting data, you need to make graphs in order to interpret the result DRY MIX Dependent Responsive Variable Y-Axis Manipulate Independent Variable X-Axis

Pie Graph Good for: Percentages Comparisons Parts of a whole Bad for: Displaying amounts Graphing over time

Bar Graph Good for: Categories in random order Counts or frequencies Bad for: Large amounts of data Accuracy

Line Graph Good for: Graphing over time Continuous data Showing changes Bad for: Percentages

Exit Ticket – answer in complete sentences What are scientific methods? Define hypothesis. How do scientists test hypotheses? Summarize the evidence scientist found to support the meteorite impact hypothesis. How have scientific methods contributed to the development of modern science?