12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 The role of occipital gamma activity in humans: from working memory to consolidation Ole Jensen F.C. Donders Centre for.

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Presentation transcript:

12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 The role of occipital gamma activity in humans: from working memory to consolidation Ole Jensen F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging Nijmegen, The Netherlands

The binding problem solved by neuronal synchronization 12/11/2018 The binding problem solved by neuronal synchronization Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 from Engel et al.

Intracranial recordings revealing neuronal synchronization 12/11/2018 Intracranial recordings revealing neuronal synchronization Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 1 2 fgamma ~30-100 Hz

Gamma synchronization in cats 12/11/2018 Gamma synchronization in cats Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 fgamma ~30-100 Hz Gray et al. (1989) Nature

Varela et al. (2001) Nat Rev Neuro 12/11/2018 Varela et al. (2001) Nat Rev Neuro

Induced gamma activity in humans reflecting perception 12/11/2018 Induced gamma activity in humans reflecting perception Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Tallon-Baudry et al. (1997) J Neurosci

Induced gamma activity in humans reflecting perception 12/11/2018 Induced gamma activity in humans reflecting perception Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Tallon-Baudry et al. (1997) J Neurosci

Neurons synchronized at gamma provides a stronger ‘forward drive’ 12/11/2018 Neurons synchronized at gamma provides a stronger ‘forward drive’ Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Jensen et al. (2007) TINS

Synchronization in the gamma band reflects visual representations 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Synchronization in the gamma band reflects visual representations

12/11/2018 MEG Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 275 axial gradiometers

WM maintenance Baddeley and Hitch (1974) 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Baddeley and Hitch (1974)

WM maintenance by gamma 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Jensen et al. (2007) TINS

Face identify vs. orientation 12/11/2018 Face identify vs. orientation Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Jensen and Jokisch (2007) J Neurosci

. . . . . . face orientation face identify dorsal ventral 12/11/2018 face orientation Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 . . . dorsal ventral face identify . . . Jensen and Jokisch (2007) J Neurosci

Gamma increases when engaging dorsal 12/11/2018 Gamma increases when engaging dorsal but not ventral stream Face identity Face orientation Jensen and Jokisch (2007) J Neurosci

Gamma sources in primary visual cortex 12/11/2018 Gamma sources in primary visual cortex Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Face Orientation - Identity Jensen and Jokisch (2007) J Neurosci

Gamma increases when engaging dorsal 12/11/2018 Gamma increases when engaging dorsal but not ventral stream Face identity Face orientation RTidentity > RTorientation !!! Jensen and Jokisch (2007) J Neurosci

Alpha increases when engaging ventral but not dorsal stream 12/11/2018 Face identity Face orientation Jensen and Jokisch (2007) J Neurosci

Alpha sources in parieto-occipital cortex 12/11/2018 Alpha sources in parieto-occipital cortex ID: face identity OR: face orientation CO: control Jensen and Jokisch (2007) J Neurosci

- Gamma reflects WM maintenance (not task demands!) 12/11/2018 dorsal - ventral Gamma reflects WM maintenance (not task demands!) Alpha reflects inhibition

Encoding and recall from long-term memory 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Encoding and recall from long-term memory

Synaptic encoding of long-term memory 12/11/2018 Synaptic encoding of long-term memory Ole Jensen 12/11/2018

Synaptic encoding of long-term memory 12/11/2018 Synaptic encoding of long-term memory Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Encoding: Synaptic modification by LTP is enforced by multiple repetitions Recall: How to “read-out” of synaptically encoded representations?

Long-term memory study 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 240 pictures 240 old pictures 240 new pictures Osipova et al. (2006) J Neurosci

Long-term memory study 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 240 pictures 240 old pictures 240 new pictures Osipova et al. (2006) J Neurosci

Encoding: gamma band power 12/11/2018 Encoding: gamma band power Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Osipova et al. (2006) J Neurosci

Encoding: gamma band power 12/11/2018 Encoding: gamma band power Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Osipova et al. (2006) J Neurosci

Theta During Successful Encoding 12/11/2018 Theta During Successful Encoding Osipova, Takashima, Fernandez and Jensen (2006) J Neuroscience

Long-term memory study 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 240 pictures 240 old pictures 240 new pictures Osipova et al. (2006) J Neurosci

Retrieval: gamma band power 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Osipova et al. (2006) J Neurosci

Retrieval: gamma band power 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Osipova et al. (2006) J Neurosci

Encoding Recognition Occipital gamma provides 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Encoding Recognition Occipital gamma provides a drive to association areas facilitating synaptic encoding Gamma reflects a ‘pattern completion’ process in visual areas (“read-out” from synaptic encoding)

12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Changes in expression of long-term memory representations with stabilization

Face - Location association 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Nieuwenhuis et al. (2008) Neuroimage

Training Nieuwenhuis et al. (2008) Neuroimage 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Nieuwenhuis et al. (2008) Neuroimage

Induced gamma during recall 12/11/2018 Induced gamma during recall Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Nieuwenhuis et al. (2008) Neuroimage

Gamma reduced with LTM stabilization 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Nieuwenhuis et al. (2008) Neuroimage

Stabilization reflected in occipital areas 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Nieuwenhuis et al. (2008) Neuroimage

LTM recall – labile versus stable representations 12/11/2018 LTM recall – labile versus stable representations Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Labile (new) Stable See also fMRI study by Takashima et al. (2006) Learning and memory. Nieuwenhuis et al. (2008) Neuroimage

Conclusion Gamma activity reveals that early visual areas 12/11/2018 Conclusion Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Human gamma activity can be detected and localized using MEG Sustained gamma during working memory maintenance Visual gamma reflect successful LTM encoding and recall Reliance on visual areas decreases with memory stabilization Gamma activity reveals that early visual areas are engaged in memory tasks (to a larger degree than observed by fMRI)

FieldTrip toolbox: http://www.fcdonders.ru.nl/fieldtrip 12/11/2018 Ole Jensen 12/11/2018 Dr. Daniel Jokisch Gamma and alpha activity in working memory Ingrid Nieuwenhuis Gamma and memory stabilization Dr. Atsuko Takashima Theta/gamma during declarative memory Gamma and memory stabilization Dr. Dasha Osipova Theta/gamma during declarative memory FieldTrip toolbox: http://www.fcdonders.ru.nl/fieldtrip