Skeletal System Disorders

Bell Work 4-12-18 Why do bones show up on an x-ray? The arms and legs would be axial or appendicular skeleton? A fracture that breaks in three or more pieces would be called?

Objectives Students will be able to… Identify common diseases of the skeletal system and their causes. Identify common injuries to the skeletal system and how each presents itself.

Osteomyelitis Infection of the bone Causes include: invading bacteria, pneumonia, typhoid, inflammation of teeth, and injury to bone

Joint Disorders

Arthritis Inflammation of the joints = pain, stiffness, & swelling (over 100 different forms - most crippling disease in the U.S.) Treatment may include: anti-inflammatory medication like aspirin, exercise to maintain joint mobility, rest during pain, heat for stiffness and/or cold for swelling

Osteoarthritis Joint damage that occurs when articular cartilage softens & breaks down = pain, stiffness, & restricted movement Causes include: aging, irritation, wear & abrasion of joints Most common type of chronic arthritis Frequently affects fingers, spine, knees & hips

Osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis Inflammation of the synovial membrane resulting in swollen, painful joints - muscle spasms, destruction of cartilage, and abnormal calcium deposits are features of this disease, swan neck fingers Cause: autoimmune disorder Affects 3x more women than men; usually begins between ages 40 - 50

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Gout A very painful attack (inflammation) in a single joint, commonly the big toe Cause: uric acid(waste product) is not properly metabolized & builds up in the blood - needle-shaped uric acid crystals are then deposited in a joint Most common in males after age 30; hereditary link Treatment: drugs, weight loss, diet low in nucleic acid and avoidance of alcohol

Gout

Dislocation Bone is forced out of its proper position in a joint

Sprain Tearing or straining of tendons and/or ligaments resulting in pain & swelling; heals slowly due to poor blood supply in tendons/ligaments Treatment: RICE - Rest, Ice, Compression & Elevation

Sprain

Nutritional Disorders

Rickets Cartilage does not ossify in children, resulting in soft bones which become bent and distorted Cause: Vitamin D deficiency

Rickets

Osteomalacia Adult bones demineralize resulting in bowed legs, flattened pelvis, and spinal deformity Cause: Vitamin D deficiency

Osteoporosis A loss in bone mass leading to thin, fragile bones - especially in the spine and femur Cause: Aging, Gender(female), menopause (decreased estrogen), poor diet, lack of exercise, genetics, smoking Treatment/Prevention: minimize risk of falls, slow down demineralization process, treat pain

Osteoporosis

Spinal Problems

Note how final spinal column is flexible. 31 segments and 33 bones 7 cervical vertebrae. 12 thoracic. 5 lumbar. 5 sacral (fused) 4 coccygeal (fused) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The curves of your spine are important because they allow the spine to support more weight than if it were straight. Also allows for compression.

Your vertebrae protect your spinal cord but are not Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Your vertebrae protect your spinal cord but are not indes t r u c t i b l e. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Image of cracked spinal column and severed spinal cord.

Paralysis: Inability to move or function; total stoppage or severe impairment of activity

Again! Please wear your seatbelt. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Again! Please wear your seatbelt. Besides possibly saving you from TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury).

Again! Please wear your seatbelt. Besides possibly saving you from TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Again! Please wear your seatbelt. Besides possibly saving you from TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury). It can also possibly save you from serious and life altering spinal cord injury. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Video Link! Spinal Cord and Spinal Cord Injury. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxpb1-okVig&feature=relmfu Learn more about spinal cord injuries at… http://www.apparelyzed.com/spinal_cord_injury.html

Herniated discs Discs dry and harden with age, which may cause them to protrude and press on the spinal cord or nerves; results in numbness & excruciating pain

Abnormal Spinal Curvatures May be congenital (present at birth), or due to disease, poor posture, or unequal muscle pull on spine

Scoliosis Lateral curvature of the spine

Kyphosis Thoracic vertebrae curve outward “hunchback”

Lordosis Lumbar vertebrae curve inward “swayback”

Abnormal Spinal Curvatures Within your assigned groups, you will create a 3D model of the spinal column. You will be provided slices of pool noodle (vertebra) and rubber bands (discs) string (spinal cord). As a group arrange the model into a normal vertebrae first. Then into scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. Discuss each of these conditions. Discuss how a herniate disc would appear. Research your assigned condition using iphones to for an informational flyer. List 3 interesting facts, 3 (or more) symptoms, treatments, and an illustration. Put all names and turn in by EOC Friday. Be prepared to present to class by 1 p.m. on Friday

Groups Lordosis: Sugey, Lou, Rebecca, Mary Mack Kyphosis: Katlyn, Madison and Matt Scoliosis: Anna, Abby, Harley and Kelton Herniated Disc: Madi, Josie, Hannah, Daegan Spina bifida: Chrissy, Caleb, Alison, Taha Spinal Stenosis: Jaylie, Kennedy, Jon and Meagan