Trans-national Organisations Introduction Red Cross World Health Organisation Amnesty International / Greenpeace United Nations / European Union Oxfam / Water Aid Coca-Cola / Shell / Nike World Bank / IMF

Trans-national Organisations Introduction GIVE OUT PARTY PACKS

Transnational Organisations Inter-government Organisations

Economic IGOs – Bretton Woods Institution Definition IMF This has a clearer development purpose, it raises money on the financial market at a much lower rate than many commercial banks, and then passes this on to its members. This is to promote poverty reduction in developing countries. WTO This was instigated by the US and works to push neo-liberal policies onto trade, as well as stabilise the world financial market . This is where governments come, who are in debt, and need a bailout, like Greece. World Bank Now this is an organisation to deal with debt, giving loans tied to them, and adopting their economic programme and negotiate trade agreements to remove trade barriers. In the 90's many western countries had their structural adjustment programmes. Note down: A01 – Who are they and what they do? A03 – Arguments for and against their involvement in development. https://youtu.be/sf3tAphMom4?list=PL416u5bH2h7FBsdybjoGtrDyZHEXEZAn5

Economic IGOs – Bretton Woods Note down: A01 – Who are they and what they do? A03 – Arguments for and against their involvement in development. https://youtu.be/sf3tAphMom4?list=PL416u5bH2h7FBsdybjoGtrDyZHEXEZAn5

DOES THE WORLD BANK HELP? Economic IGOS – World Bank – Case Study Tanzania DOES THE WORLD BANK HELP? In theory YES, the World Bank loans and credits countries with money for development projects at a relatively low interest rates. This is spent on things like roads and schools. However, countries like Tanzania are still struggling to pay back this debt. 25% of Tanzania’s GNP goes to Debt repayments every year. More money than it receives in aid… Does that make sense? Link to Dependency Theory – Key Concepts D_______ B_________

Economic IGOS – World Trade Organisation

The World Trade Organisation This was instigated by the US and works to push neo-liberal policies onto trade. There are no votes in the WTO only decisions are made by consensus and decisions are hardly ever agreed on. Criticisms of the WTO Undemocratic decision making; with poorer countries having decisions but in reality not having access to important decisions. So far ineffective in making rich nations reduce tariffs and subsidies when they are determined not to. Giving free trade priority over everything else including sustainable development

A03 -Further Criticisms of Bretton Woods Institutions They follow Neo-liberal policies that have never been proven effective. It is not concerned with the human effect of SAP's. Using the one size fits all approach means it ignores the country and whether it is developed or undeveloped. It only really deals with short term solutions no long term development. Fails to foresee economic crisis like 2008. In the past they have often given loans for things which were inappropriate / ineffective. Undemocratic decision making; with poorer countries having decisions but in reality not having access to important decisions. So far ineffective in making rich nations reduce tariffs and subsidies. Giving free trade priority over everything else including sustainable development.

Legal-Political IGOs / Case Study Tanzania The EU (European Union) donates funds for projects in Tanzania every year. This year they have donated US$40 million to upgrade the road from Mwanza – Dar Es Salaam (see map). Currently buses/trucks must travel from Dar Es Salaam into Kenya and then back to Mwanza as the roads are so bad This funding will ensure economic benefits for all local people. New major road building is a big help to a country dependent on getting its crops to market – Evaluation – Political Nature of Aid? Cold War?

Single Remit IGOs / Case Study Tanzania UNDP – United Nations Development Programme In Tanzania since 1961. Focus in Tanzania includes: - Poverty reduction - Democratic governance - HIV/AIDS Gave $20 million this year to development schemes. Helps co-ordinate 20 other UN organisations in Tanzania. Goal to lift 7.5 million out of poverty by 2015.

A02 - Embedding Theory To help prepare for your essay, you need to identify areas that you can embed theory. Skim read through pages 213-216, and highlight any of the following theories: Modernisation Dependency Neoliberal People-centred

Review – You Say We Pay Old New Trans-national organisations Tied Aid Economic IGOs Multilateral Aid European Union Department for International Development (DFID) IMF International Division of Labour Free Trade Dead Aid Old New

Review – You Say We Pay Old New Inter-government organisations Globalisation Legal-political IGOs Voluntary Aid Bretton Woods Institutions Traditional Society World Bank Asian Tigers Structural Adjustment Programme US Hegemony Old New