Civil Rights USH-8.1

I. Why? A movement that challenged the status quo to gain full citizenship for AA 2 most important were: Equal treatment Right to vote

I. Why? Happened after WWII b/c: Segregation in military Northern AA experience Jim Crow while training in South Truman starts civil rights commission to prevent lynching and desegregate military Seeing the Final Solution brought our own beliefs and practices into question

II. Brown vs. Board of Education Collection of 5 cases about segregation Trying to change “separate but equal” Gets to the Supreme Court Unanimous decision says “separate CANNOT be equal” Desegregation needs to happen “with all due speed” Most in South go as slow as possible

III. Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks won’t get up AA boycott bus system and set up “taxi” system Boycott is lead by Martin Luther King, Jr. Bus system loses so much money they change the rules

IV. Sit-ins People nonviolently occupying an area for a protest AA went into lunch counters and other whites-only places and sat down No destruction or violence, just sitting Their punishment showed the world Jim Crow was stupid

V. Freedom Rides Activists rode buses into the South Most places in the South had not followed any of the desegregation laws In many places they were mobbed and the activists beaten and imprisoned

VI. March on Washington In 1963, a huge rally was held in Washington, D.C. It was for AA to ask for “jobs and freedom” Helped to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech

VII. Freedom Summer In 1964, a campaign was started to register as many AA as possible in Mississippi Dozens of Freedom Schools, Houses, and community centers to help AA Met with lots of violence 4 workers and 3 AA killed 80 beaten 1,062 arrested 37 churches burned 30 black homes & businesses burned

VIII. Selma Marches Protest marches from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery Starts w/ “Bloody Sunday” Protest where 600 marchers were attacked by cops with clubs & tear gas 2 days later, 2,500 protesters tried again and forced to turn around 7 days later, completed march w/federal protection Army, National Guard, FBI, Federal Marshals

IX. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Meant to outlaw major forms of discrimination against all minorities Racial Ethnic National Religious Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson Was weak at first, but other laws helped to enforce it

XI. Voting Rights Act of 1965 Legislation to help enforce the 15th Amendment Attempts to end voting restrictions for AA Signed into law by President Johnson