Introduction to Anatomical Directions and Orientation Lecture 1, Part 2: Introduction to Anatomical Directions and Orientation

Anatomical Position Hands at sides Palms facing forward Feet together Front view (anterior) Back view (posterior) Pg. 16 Figure 1-6 http://www.emergencymedicaled.com/images/Anatomical%20Position.gif

Anatomical Position – Supine vs. Prone Lying with the front or face and hands facing upward Prone – Lying with the front or face and hands facing downward

A. Directional Terminology Superior (cephalic or cranial) vs. Inferior (caudal) Anterior (ventral) vs. Posterior (dorsal) Lateral vs. Medial (mesial) Proximal vs. Distal Superficial vs. Deep Pg. 19 Table 1-3!!!

Superficial vs. Deep Superficial – Deep – Toward or at the body surface Deep – Away from the body surface http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomy/media/overview/Comp3.jpg

Anatomical Planes/Sections Frontal (coronal) – divides the body into anterior/posterior parts Transverse (horizontal) – divides the body into superior/inferior parts Also known as a cross-section

Anatomical Planes/Sections Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts Midline Para

Major Body Cavities & Structures Cavity – hollow area within the body Two Major Cavities: Dorsal Cranial Cavity – pg. 207 Vertebral Cavity – pg. 224 Ventral: houses a group of internal organs (viscera); subdivided into: Thoracic Cavity – ribs and chest Abdominal Cavity – directly below the diaphragm Pelvic Cavity – below Abdominal Cavity

Anterior VIEW of Body Cavities Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdomino- pelvic cavities) Abdomino- cavity Superior mediastinum Pleural Cranial Vertebral Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Pelvic cavity (contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) Thoracic (contains heart and lungs) (b) Anterior view Key: Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity Figure 1.9b

Abdominopelvic REGIONS Epi= upon Hypo= low Chondri= cartilage Iliac= hip Gastric = stomach

Cardiovascular System The 11 Body Systems Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Nervous System Endocrine System Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Respiratory System Digestive System Urinary System Reproductive System Pages 143-149

Integumentary & Skeletal Systems Day 1 Integumentary & Skeletal Systems Integumentary System Skeletal System

Muscular & Nervous Systems Day 1 Muscular & Nervous Systems Muscular System Nervous System

Endocrine & Cardiovascular Systems Day 1 Endocrine & Cardiovascular Systems Endocrine System Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic & Respiratory Systems Day 1 Lymphatic & Respiratory Systems Lympathic System Respiratory System

Digestive & Urinary Systems Day 1 Digestive & Urinary Systems Digestive System Urinary System

Day 1 Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System

Diagnostic Clinical Terminology FOR MORE INFO…..Read “Sectional Anatomy and Clinical Technology” pgs. 12-14 in A & P Applications Manual. Radiography – Film records (radiographs) of internal structures of the body made by electromagnetic radiation (X-rays, gamma rays, radio waves) passing through the body to act on special film CT/CAT (computerized axial tomography) – Imaging technique that uses X-rays to reconstruct the body’s 3-D structure CT/CAT scanning machine

D. Clinical Terminology PET (positron emission tomography) – Imaging technique that shows the chemical functioning and structure of organs (localized) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) – Imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to show subtle structure differences Ultrasound – Imaging technique that uses brief bursts of high-frequency sound waves reflected by internal structures PET scan of 20-yr old’s brain Fetal ultrasound