Section 5.2 Active Transport Chapter 5 Section 5.2 Active Transport

Active Transport Movement of materials across a cell membrane that requires a cell to expend energy Materials move UP their concentration gradient

Cell Membrane Pumps Moves substances up their concentration gradient Moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

Sodium-Potassium Pump A special protein that transports Na+ ions and K+ up their concentration gradients

To function properly, many animal cells must have a higher concentration of Na+ ions outside the cell and a higher concentration of K+ ions inside the cell

Endocytosis Cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles (including other cells) Part of the cell forms a pouch around the material then pinches off to form a vesicle

Pinocytosis & Phagocytosis Pinocytosis involves the transport of solutes or fluids Phagocytosis involves the movement of large particles or whole cells

Exocytosis Vesicles in the cytoplasm fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents out of the cell