Diffusion.

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Presentation transcript:

Diffusion

Diffusion Passive Transport Movement of particles or molecules Down a concentration gradient Area of higher concentration to an higher of lower concentration Molecules cross the cell membrane

Osmosis

Osmosis Diffusion of water Allows cells to maintain water balance Osmotic Solutions Isotonic No net change of water occurs Equilibrium Hypotonic Water moves inside the cell Lower solute concentration than cytoplasm Cell expands Hypertonic Water moves out Higher solute concentration than cytoplasm Cell shrinks

Osmotic Solutions https://youtu.be/lzDlGl3b4is

Facilitated Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion through cell membrane Use of transport proteins Channel Proteins Ions, sugar molecules, amino acids Specific ( Na+ ions travel through Na+ ion channel) Carrier Proteins Substance binds to specific site Protein changes shape

Active Transport

Active Transport Requires Energy Moves against a gradient Utilize carrier proteins Carrier proteins do not require the use of energy Animal cells make use of Sodium –potassium pump

Sodium Potassium Pump

Endocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Large substances cross via vesicles Proteins polysaccharides Vesicles are membrane bound sac Lipid bilayer they can break off and refuse with the cell membrane Movement of vesicle into cell: endocytosis Lysosome will dissolve vesicle and release contents

Exocytosis Vesicle releases contents outside cell membrane Waste Proteins modified by Golgi Bacteria https://youtu.be/lh6V4zbut7w

Exocytosis

Endocytosis / Exocytosis

Cell Communication Chemical Signals Molecules directed at target cells Long distance signals are carried by hormones Targets Hormones Made in one part of the body Distributed via bloodstream Affect specific cells

Communication Environmental Signals Light Target cells respond to few signals Ones important to function Response to signal is controlled by receptor proteins Binding Specificity bind to specific signal molecules shape and signal specific after binding, receptor signal changes shape the shape change signifies a transfer of information

Response to Signals Cell response to Signals Change in permeability Transport proteins may open or close Activation of enzymes Trigger chemical reactions Second messenger Acts as signal molecule Changes cytoplasm and nucleus

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