NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES CHAPTER 24

Anatomy Review Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

CNS Features Meninges - membranes surrounding brain tissue-Dura mater, Pia mater, arachnoid mater, doesit mater Blood Brain Barrier- tight junctions between endothelial cells in CNS vessels prevent

Bacterial Diseases Bacterial meningitis most commonly caused by one of three types of bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria Brain Abscesses

Viral Diseases Viral meningitis enteroviruses Rabies Lyssavirus genus

Rabies Statistics

Rabies Statistics

Viral Diseases (cont.) Viral Encephalitis Herpes Meningoencephalitis inflammation of the brain parenchyma, Herpes Meningoencephalitis

Viral Diseases (cont.) West Nile Fever

West Nile Virus WNV has three different effects on humans. The first is an asymptomatic infection; the second is a mild febrile syndrome termed West Nile Fever; the third is a neuroinvasive disease termed West Nile meningitis or encephalitis. The population proportion of these three states is roughly 110:30:1

Bacterial Nerve Diseases Hansen’s Disease

Bacterial Nerve Diseases Tetanus Botulism “lockjaw Clostridium tetani Blocks acetocholine release

Viral Nerve Diseases — Polio Poliovirus (poliomyelitis) preferentially infecting and destroying motor neurons

Prion Diseases Mad Cow Disease Kuru

Prion Diseases Creutzfeld Jacob Variant Disease

Parasitic Disease African Sleeping Sickness Chaga’s Disease