#15 Ch 18 S 2 Details: Notes Read Ch 18 S 2 _____________ 11.9.3- Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including the following: The Truman Doctrine The Korean War

Chapter 18: Cold War Conflicts Section 2: Origins of the Cold War

Standards 11.4.6, 11.8.5, & 11.9.3 11.4.6- Trace the declining role of Great Britain and the expanding role of the United States in world affairs after World War II. 11.8.5- Describe the increased powers of the presidency in response to the Cold War. 11.9.3- Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including the following: The Truman Doctrine The Korean War

Objectives Questions Write the following 3 topics with 3 bullets each to complete the notes: Communists take power in China/U.S. reaction: Korean War /U.S. reaction: Conflict between Truman and MacArthur:

Review Following WWII, tensions between the former allies (US and USSR) arise again Economic and Political differences US- Democratic and Capitalist Freedom of movement and ownership USSR- Dictatorship and Communist Military rule, no private ownership The plans of each country for post WWII world were very different The U.S. focus was on containing Communism Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan USSR focused on keeping Germany weak and spreading communism

The Cold War Heats Up After World War II China became a communist nation Communists defeated Nationalist (US friendly) forces to take over the nation The Communists were led by Mao Zedong The Nationalists were led by Chiang Kai-shek Korea split (based on Japanese surrender) Communist north Democratic south Who was the Communist leader of the rebels in China? Who was the Nationalist leader of China after WWII? Which leader might the U.S. support? Why?

Mao Zedong (C) Chiang Kai-Shek (D)

China Becomes a Communist Country Nationalists Versus Communists Chinese Communists battle nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek U.S. supports Chiang, but his government is inefficient and corrupt Communists, led by Mao Zedong, work to get peasant support Peasants flock to Red (Communist) Army By 1945, communists control north China Why was supporting Kai-shek difficult for the U.S.? Why was Mao Zedong so popular with the peasants?

Renewed Civil War After WWII, the Japanese who had tried to control China during WWII had been eliminated The existing government (Nationalists) now faced Communist opposition 1944-47, U.S. sends military aid to Nationalists to oppose communist rebellion 1949, Nationalists flee to island of Taiwan Containment failed! Communists established People’s Republic of China in mainland Which group finally took control of China? How did they gain control?

America Reacts to Communist Takeover U.S. did not recognize Communist Chinese government U.S. public stunned by Communist takeover Conservatives blame Truman for not sending enough aid Some begin to question Truman’s and other democrat’s toughness on Communist expansion Who was blamed for losing China to Communism? With the loss of China to Communists, what had failed?

The Korean War A Divided Country Since 1910 Japan had controlled Korea When the Japanese had been defeated in WWII they had to give up all land outside of Japan 38th parallel (38° N latitude) divides Japanese surrender in Korea Japanese troops north of 38th parallel surrendered to U.S.S.R. Japanese troops south of 38th parallel surrendered to U.S. North and South Korea were formed What caused the division of Korea?

Surrender Sparks Differences The result of the surrender: U.S.S.R and U.S. now had the ability to create influence in the area in which soldiers surrendered to them Since Japanese rule is done there is no government Japanese troops north of 38th parallel surrendered to U.S.S.R. Korea, north of the 38th parallel becomes Communist Japanese troops south of 38th parallel surrendered to U.S. Korea, south of the 38th parallel becomes Democratic How was the new government created in each North and South Korea, why were they different?

The War Begins North Korea Attacked South Korea 1950, North Korea invaded South, began Korean War South Korea called on UN to help stop invasion; Security Council approves UN assigned MacArthur to lead forces against North Koreans 500K South Korean forces 500K U.S. forces Why there about the same amount of U.S. troops fighting in the Korean War and South Koreans? Who started the Korean War?

The United States Fights in Korea MacArthur’s Counterattack North Korea drove south, captured Seoul UN, South Korean troops forced into small defensive zone Pusan Peninsula MacArthur attacked North Koreans from two sides and pushed into North Korea Invasion came behind North Korean advance and forced many North Koreans to surrender Inchon Which side gained the upper hand in the war? How did the South Koreans and the UN end up getting into North Korea?

Battle of Inchon

The Chinese Enter the Fight The UN troops made a great recovery Gaining the upper hand, UN troops push passed the 38th parallel and north very near the North Korean-Chinese border North Korea could have fallen China is Communist and does not want a democratic nation on their border China sent troops in to help North Korea Chinese troops pushed south; recaptured Seoul Fighting continued for 2 more years Why did China send troops to fight on the side of the North Koreans? What might have happened if they had not sent troops in?

McArthur and Truman Clash MacArthur recommends attacking China MacArthur calls for war with China; Truman rejects request Soviet Union, China have mutual assistance pact Truman knew that if we attacked China the U.S.S.R. would attack the U.S. MacArthur continues to push for invasion of China (tries to go over Truman’s head) Truman eventually fired him Public outraged over hero’s dismissal Congressional investigation concluded Truman right Was Truman correct to fire MacArthur for trying to go over his head? Why?

Settling for Stalemate UN, South Korea retake Seoul, advance north, back to 38th parallel Once back at the 38th parallel, the fight stalls 1951, Soviet Union suggests cease-fire 1953 an armistice is signed Korea still divided A demilitarized zone established between North and South Korea Lack of success, high human, financial costs help elect Eisenhower What was the outcome of the Korean War? What is the purpose of a demilitarized zone?

Ground Control Changes in Korean War June 1950 North Korea invades South Korea September 1950 North Koreans push UN and South Korean forces to Pusan Sept. – Oct. 1950 UN troops recapture 38th parallel and move toward China Nov. 1950 to Jan. 1951 Chinese intervention pushes UN forces back to around 38th parallel

Review Questions What was the source of conflict between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.? Who was the Nationalist leader of China following WWII? Who was the Communist rebel leader in China following WWII? Which Chinese leader did the U.S. support? Why? What was the real problem in supporting this leader?

Review Questions Why did some people in America claim that Truman was soft on Communism and that the policy of containment had failed? How did Korea become divided into North and South? How did the Korean War begin? Why did the U.S. aid South Korea? How did the U.N. gain the upper hand in the war?

Review Questions Why did China enter the war? What issue caused disagreement between Truman and MacArthur? How did the Korean War end?

#15 Ch 18 S 2 Details: Notes Read Ch 18 S 2 Margin ?s A-D Study Guide #s 1-12 11.9.3- Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including the following: The Truman Doctrine The Korean War