Carbohydrates Quick energy!!.

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Presentation transcript:

Carbohydrates Quick energy!!

What elements are carbs composed of? Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen(O) In a ratio of – C : H : O 1 : 2 : 1 Example: Glucose C6H12O6 6 For every 1 Carbon (C) You will have 2 Hydrogens (H)

Function in living organisms Energy Storage in plants and animals Starch in plants Glycogen in animals Structural support in insects, plants & Fungi Chitin in exoskeleton of insects & cell walls of fungi Cellulose in plant cell walls

STRUCTURE!!

Carbohydrate Monomers (Building Blocks) Mono=one Saccharide=sugar Monosaccharides: are simple sugars commonly found in rings.

Carbohydrate Monomers (Building Blocks) Glucose = C6H12O6

Carbohydrate Polymers Front Bottom Left Polysaccharides: Poly=Many, Saccharide=sugar Polysaccharides are made by linking monosaccharides (simple sugars) together.

Carbohydrate Polymers Front Bottom Left Carbohydrate Polymers Disaccharides: Di=Two, Saccharide=sugar Disaccharides composed of 2 monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.

Front Bottom Left Complex Carbs Very Large Polysaccharides Have 3 or more simple sugars linked together

Carbohydrate Examples Back

Monosaccharides Simple Sugars Back Top Left Monosaccharides Simple Sugars Glucose: commonly found in blood of animals; the immediate energy source for cells Galactose: a simple sugar found in milk Fructose: commonly found in fruit SIMPLE SUGARS

Monosaccharides Simple Sugars Back Top Left Monosaccharides Simple Sugars Ribose & Deoxyribose are 5 carbon simple sugars that make up the backbone of RNA & DNA, respectively.

DISACCHARIDE EXAMPLES Back Top Right DISACCHARIDE EXAMPLES Carbohydrate Polymers 2. Sucrose: “Table Sugar” Made up of Fructose + Glucose 1. Lactose: Found in Milk Made up of Galactose + Glucose

DISACCHARIDE EXAMPLES Back Top Right DISACCHARIDE EXAMPLES Carbohydrate Polymers Maltose: Forms in the digestive tract of humans during starch digestion Made up of Gluctose + Glucose

Polysaccharides 1. Starch: Glucose (energy) stored in plants Back Bottom Polysaccharides Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples 1. Starch: Glucose (energy) stored in plants (breads, pasta, potatoes)

Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples Back Bottom Polysaccharides Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples 2. Cellulose: Forms plant cell walls providing strength and rigidity.

Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples Back Bottom Polysaccharides Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples 3. Glycogen: Glucose stored in the liver and muscle of animals. Used for quick energy!!!

Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples Back Bottom Polysaccharides Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples Chitin: Structural support in fungi cell walls and insect exoskeletons

Exit Ticket List the three elements which compose a carbohydrate. One function of a carbohydrate is ___________. Glycogen, a polysaccharide, in your liver may be broken down to glucose by the process of __________. Draw the basic shape that represents glucose.