Forces Shaping the Earth Glencoe McGraw-Hill The World & Its People Chapter 1 Looking at the Earth Section 3 Forces Shaping the Earth

1.3 Forces Shaping the Earth Section Objectives Describe the layers found within the Earth. Discuss the forces that change the earth’s surface.

I. Inside the Earth http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/inside.html

I. Inside the Earth The inside of the earth is made up of 3 layers. The core consists of hot iron mixed with other metals & rock.

I. Inside the Earth The mantle is a layer of rock surrounding the core.

I. Inside the Earth When a volcano erupts, melted rock called magma flows to the earth’s surface.

I. Inside the Earth The crust is the upper layer of the earth. The crust includes the ocean floors as well as the 7 land continents.

II. Forces Beneath the Earth’s Crust Plate tectonics is a theory that the earth’s crust is made up of plates. These plates can move away from, push against, or slide alongside the other.

II. Forces Beneath the Earth’s Crust

II. Forces Beneath the Earth’s Crust The pressure between 2 plates may cause 1 plate to move suddenly, resulting in an earthquake. Underwater earthquakes can create huge waves called tsunamis.

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II. Forces Beneath the Earth’s Crust 2 plates moving alongside each other create cracks in the earth’s crust, or faults.

III. Forces Shaping Landforms http://csider.pumasonline.com/assignmts/assignmt_files/ec_investigation/ec_investigation_of_landforms.htm

III. Forces Shaping Landforms Weathering is the breaking of surface rock into boulders, gravel, sand, and soil. Water & frost, chemicals, & even plants can cause weathering.

III. Forces Shaping Landforms The process of wearing away or moving the weathered material is called erosion. Erosion can be caused by water, wind, or ice. Giant sheets of ice are known as glaciers.