CH. 29 STUDENT NOTES THE AGE OF LIMITS
THE MAN VP under Eisenhower (1953-1960) Born 1913 in California 1960 ran for President: LOST 1962 ran for Gov. of Cal.: LOST 1968 ran for President (again): WON Born 1913 in California Navy during WWII Elected to House of Representatives and Senate
Republican “Southern Strategy” “State’s rights”… Split working-class whites away from blacks New “Solid South” is Republican
NIXON’S GOALS Limit power of federal government Reverse LBJ programs NEW FEDERALISM: give more power and money to local and state governments Reverse LBJ programs Welfare programs too dependent on federal government Preserve America’s prestige Broken by Vietnam Law and Order “Silent Majority”
ENVIRONMENTAL REFORM Silent Spring (1962) by Rachel Carson outlines dangers of pesticides use and problems w/ chemicals Earth Day (1970) Water quality Lower emission standards Environmental Protection Agency (1971)
ECONOMIC WOES 1967-1973 Causes: High inflation High unemployment STAGFLATION: unemployment AND prices go up! Causes: New workers - women and baby boomers Competition, higher prices, wasteful Dependence on foreign oil OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 1973 - Yom Kippur War (Egypt & Syria, against Israel)
FOREIGN POLICY Honorable war with Vietnam Nixon Doctrine Decline in 3rd world Support for nonthreatening Détente: easing of cold war tensions Feb. 1972: Nixon visited China May 1972: Nixon 1st president to visit Soviet Union SALT I TREATY (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks): limited arms race
ELECTION OF 1972 Democrats – Sen. George McGovern Nixon won by a landslide
WATERGATE: WHAT??? WATERGATE = a building in DC where the Democratic National Committee had headquarters WATERGATE SCANDAL = five men (working for Nixon) broke into Watergate building
WHEN & WHY??? June 17, 1972 guard caught 5 men breaking into campaign headquarters Planned to photograph documents outlining Democratic strategy and place wiretaps Use against them in 1972 presidential election
WHO??? “The Plumbers” - nickname for burglars because they “plugged” leaks (information) Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein - Washington Post reporters that investigated the break-in Deep Throat - their anonymous source
Nixon denied involvement Woodward and Bernstein had proof contrary to Nixon’s denial Senate started own investigation John Dean revealed Nixon taped ALL Oval Office conversations Senate demanded Nixon hand over tapes Nixon: HELL NO! “EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE” Supreme Court then demanded: US v. Nixon Nixon was forced to give tapes to Senate Committee
July ‘74 Nixon handed over tapes Oct. 73 Agnew resigns Avoid trial on charges of accepting bribes and not paying taxes while he was governor of Maryland Gerald Ford new VP July ‘74 Nixon handed over tapes 3 charges: Obstruction of justice Abuse of power Contempt of Congress Nixon resigned August 8th, 1974 Ford sworn in August 9th, 1974 Ford pardoned Nixon of all crimes in September
RAMIFICATIONS Trust in government low Reduced the power of presidency All political scandals end with the suffix gate Cooled Cold War tensions “Our long national nightmare is over”
“Age of Limits” Gerald Ford Recession 1974-75 WIN – Whip Inflation Now Only president never elected Congressman, MI Restore confidence in gov’t Pardoning of Nixon ruined reputation Recession 1974-75 WIN – Whip Inflation Now SALT II
ELECTION OF 1976 Are you kidding me??? Republicans Democrats Barely pick Ford (Reagan inches toward presidency) Democrats Dark horse Jimmy Carter Gov. GA Appeal: outsider, honest, pious, Nixon a republican, Carter a democrat…yeah.
Jimmy Carter Washington outsider Weak control of Congress 2nd energy crisis Department of Energy Three Mile Island Defense of “human rights” abroad Panama Canal Camp David Accords Iran Hostage Crisis
Jimmy Carter Foreign Policy Camp David Accords Human Rights policy Panama Canal Treaty End of détente Soviet invasion of Afghanistan SALT II failed U.S. grain embargo on U.S.S.R. U.S. Boycott of 1980 Olympics Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua Iranian Revolution & Hostage Crisis