Commercial Vehicle Screening for Anomalous Tires Southern African Transport Conference July 9-12, 2018 Pretoria, South Africa Rish Malhotra Vice President International Business International Road Dynamics Inc. (IRD)

Presentation Highlights Weigh-in-Motion Sensor Technologies and Systems ITS System Overview (Oklahoma State) Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) and Classification Image Capture, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and Intelligent Roadside Operations Controller (iROC) Tire Anomaly and Classification Service (TACS) Vehicle Information in Motion (VI2M) Intelligent Maintenance Management Service (iMMS)

Weigh-in-Motion Sensor Technologies and Systems Southern African Transport Conference July 9-12, 2018 Pretoria, South Africa

Weigh-In-Motion Sensor Technologies Lineas® Quartz by Kistler Single Load Cell (SLC) Scales Piezoelectric Sensor Bending Plate (BP) Scales Intercomp HSWIM Strip Sensor Slow Speed (SSWIM) Scales

Roadside Electronics (iSINC) iSINC Lite Controller iSINC Roadside Electronics

ITS System Overview (Oklahoma State) Southern African Transport Conference July 9-12, 2018 Pretoria, South Africa

Electronic Screening System (ESS) and Data Collection System Intelligent Transportation Systems in Oklahoma: Enforcement and Data Collection New Technologies and Approaches Enhanced Traffic Data Information Oklahoma DOT has plans for 6 ESS locations and currently makes use of electronic truck screening at 4 locations across the State: Kay County Port of Entry Beckham County Port of Entry Sequoyah County Port of Entry Love County Port of Entry The paper examines the impact of the introduction and operation of the system from several different people perspectives. The following system users are considered: Electronic truck screening system operations staff Private fleet manager Truck driver

Site Technology Implementation Oklahoma DOT makes use of advanced technology to enable all trucks within the State to be screened. This would not be possible using entirely manual means due to the volume of trucks at each site. However, an advanced technology approach enables trucks of interest to be identified for further detailed inspection, focusing constrained resources on those specific trucks of interest.

Roadside Interface via iSINC® System Credential/Safety and Data Collection is accomplished in coordination with the iSINC system at the roadside interfacing with: WIM Scales Sensors Cameras Message Signs Traffic Lights Digital Traffic Control Static Scale iSINC – Intelligent Sensor Interface and Network Controller Truck weight, dimensions, safety, and credential data is integrated in the Intelligent Sensor Interface and Network Controller (iSINC). This equipment has the capability to merge data from the weigh-in-motion scales and other sensors, cameras, and static scales and to control dynamic message signs and traffic lights to direct the truck driver into and through each station.  

Weigh-in-Motion and Classification Southern African Transport Conference July 9-12, 2018 Pretoria, South Africa

Mainline & Ramp Screening by Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) Accuracy to meet ASTM E1318-09 standards, Within + or - 6% of the GVW 95% of the time. i.e. 95 out of 100 vehicle GVWs must be read to within + or - 6% the other 5 vehicle GVWs can be outside the + or - 6% Axle-Group load + or - 10% Axle Load + or - 15% Trucks are screened and sorted automatically for compliance with weight, dimensions, and credentials/safety requirements. Gross vehicle weight, axle weight, and axle group weights, are measured and screened against regulations with the goal of preserving State bridges. The length, height, and the width of the vehicle are part of the screening process to identify over-dimension trucks that pose a threat to State infrastructure. IRD PAT Double Threshold Bending Plate weigh-in-motion technology is used to enable the truck weight to be measured, in a nonintrusive, high-speed approach. The Gross Vehicle Weight of each truck is measured to an accuracy better than ±6% with 95% confidence by measuring the deflection caused by the vehicle on a specially designed weigh pad installed in the road surface. Using this technology, each truck on the mainline interstate highway is weighed, with those overweight tagged for further detailed enforcement activities. This technology can also be used for general purpose traffic monitoring, road maintenance planning, vehicle overload detection, bridge monitoring, and toll applications.

Traditional WIM Data Elements Individual Vehicle Records – All Classes: Year, Month, Day Timestamp (1000th of second) Axle Spacing Axle Weights (Left and Right Side) Overall Vehicle Length Vehicle Class (multiple class scheme) Errors and Warning Flags Weigh Compliance Flags

Continuously Calibrated Against Static Scale WIM Sensors continuously being calibrated against the static scale when weigh station is open.

Mainline – Over-Width & Over-Height Truck dimensions are ascertained through a combination of inductive loop, laser scanner and visible light beam technology. The inductive loops consist of copper wire inserted into the road surface. A current is passed through the wire causing the formation of a magnetic field. When the metal in the truck crosses over the loop, a vehicle signature is captured that can be analyzed to detect vehicle length. The width of each vehicle is measured using laser scanners. A visible beam of light 13 feet 6 inches above the road surface detects over height vehicles if this visible light beam is broken. Using this approach, over width, over height, and overweight vehicles are identified to the operator.

Image Capture, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and Intelligent Roadside Operations Controller (iROC) Southern African Transport Conference July 9-12, 2018 Pretoria, South Africa

Mainline LPR and USDOT Cameras

Roadside Operations Computer and Credential/Safety Screening The Roadside Operations Computer (ROC) communicates with the iSINC and transfers system data to the ROC database for further processing. The ROC looks up license plate and USDOT numbers in real time within the ROC database to check for compliance with: IRP – International Registration Plan IFTA – International Fuel Tax Agreements HazMat PRISM – Performance and Registration Information Systems Management ISS – Inspection Selection System and many more screening compliance checks. ROC – Roadside Operations Computer For credentials and safety, trucks are screened based on data available in the Commercial Vehicle Information Subsystems and Networks (CVISN) system as well as Oklahoma specific screening criteria. Oklahoma DOT deploys a range of advanced technologies to enable comprehensive screening to be achieved in a cost-effective manner.

Tire Anomaly and Classification (TACS™) Southern African Transport Conference July 9-12, 2018 Pretoria, South Africa

TACS™ Tire Anomaly Classification System

TACS – Detection of Tire Problems

TACS Integration Integration of the TACS tab shows where a pressure mismatch has been identified by the system.

TACS – Detected Tire Problems Mainline & Ramp Oklahoma Kay POE - January 1, 2018 to March 4, 2018 Week # ML Total CMVs ML TACS ML TACS % Ramp Total Ramp TACS CMVs Ramp TACS % 1 12687 247 1.95% 4436 84 1.89% 2 12450 270 2.17% 4592 91 1.98% 3 14612 221 1.51% 4734 67 1.42% 4 14228 275 1.93% 5008 72 1.44% 5 14356 258 1.80% 5152 70 1.36% 6 14350 306 2.13% 5088 88 1.73% 7 14501 238 1.64% 5206 62 1.19% 8 13358 2.06% 2859 41 1.43% 9 14845 233 1.57% 5767 77 1.34% Average 13932 1.85% 4760 This page shows the percent of commercial vehicles per day that have TACS violations on both the mainline and the ramp. As you can see, most days the system detects between 1% and 2% of commercial vehicles with violations. The percentage is higher on the mainline than it is on the ramp.

System Operator’s Perspective Oklahoma Commission Corporation does weight enforcement Oklahoma Department of Public Safety performs truck safety inspections For both organizations, staff harnesses the advantages of advanced technology by enabling routine operations to be automated allowing a focus on the effective use of resources. Advanced technology enables all trucks on the roadway to be prescreened for non-compliance issues. This focuses the manual resources required to conduct a detailed inspection on only those trucks that warrant it. This results in a significant improvement in the efficiency of the screening operation and this in turn leads to improved road safety through better compliance. The system operator is also enabled to automatically collect data that can be of significant value for electronic truck screening and other traffic monitoring activities. Additionally, the ESS helps protect Oklahoma’s infrastructure, which is the state’s largest asset.

Fleet Manager’s Perspective Understanding of current truck condition enables the fleet manager to be more effective and efficient in keeping the fleet running and keeping vehicles well maintained Insight from screening performance can also play an important role in driver education Well managed fleets with good safety records benefit significantly by avoiding the need to have vehicles stopped From a private sector fleet manager perspective, a highly automated electronic truck screening system could be viewed as a negative, since the chances of being caught rise significantly. However, a more important perspective is that such systems encourage all fleet managers to take a greater interest in ensuring their trucks are compliant. Additionally, such systems improve overall safety on the highway and thus avoid the costly consequences of violation. Better insight and understanding of current truck condition provides the raw material to enable the fleet manager to be more effective and efficient in keeping the fleet running and keeping vehicles well maintained. This can also play an important role in driver education. Fleet managers of well-respected fleets with good safety records will also benefit significantly by avoiding the need to have the vehicle stopped. Electronic screening of the vehicles does not just capture violations, it also enables “good” trucks to pass freely.

Driver’s Perspective For the average truck driver that wishes to maintain safety and operational efficiency, electronic screening can be a major benefit. Only non-compliant vehicles are targeted “Good” drivers can proceed unimpeded Improvement in road safety resulting from better enforcement creates a safer working environment Increased probability that the driver can reach his destination safely and on time With respect to the future, it is expected that the adoption of advanced technologies for electronic screening and compliance purposes will continue to make the driver’s job easier and safer. A nationwide integrated network of electronic screening and truck management systems could also extend the reach of current deployments, supporting growth in both system functionality and geographic coverage.

Vehicle Information in Motion (VI2M™) Southern African Transport Conference July 9-12, 2018 Pretoria, South Africa Vehicle Information in Motion (VI2M™)

Vehicle Information In Motion (VI²M) Local IRD Equipment (e.g. sensors, scales) Third Party Equipment (e.g. sensors, VMS, cameras) Local Monitoring / Control (e.g. sort decisions, toll determination) Central Data Repository Remote Monitoring and Reporting Local Operations Evolution: whereas we have focused on local operations, which includes local monitoring and control (in case of CVO), we are now adding focus on making the data available in a central location in the cloud – providing a central data repository. This will allow remote access to the data for monitoring and reporting purposes from one location via the internet. The customer value lies in the fact that they do not need to access a multitude of locations to obtain data: we provide that service. We also make sure the data is quality checked when being stored centrally. Finally, having all data at a central location simplifies reporting.

Vehicle Information In Motion (VI²M) Vision: Provide valuable information and traffic intelligence through the deployment of ITS Data Solutions across IRD’s portfolio of products and systems – enhance current solutions and enable future applications WIM Counter ALPR Bluetooth Inductive Loop DSRC Sensors / Products Data Sensor Based Data Information Data Collection, Aggregation, Fusion Intelligence Static Data Real-Time Data Historic Data Trending Prediction Decision Support Core System Management V2I Services Enforcement Support External Systems Support Solutions / Services Ops Dashboard Performance Monitoring Access Control AHS management Tolling Maintenance Management ….. Tire Sensor External Information Exchange Offline Analytics You may want to hide this presentation based on audience. The key message is that we enhance the current solutions and enable future applications. We are building the basis right now for future enhancements and services.

Vehicle Information In Motion (VI²M) Central Data Repository Web based traffic information management system Multi-user platform accessible through a widget-based user interface Dashboard view tailored to individual user needs Initial focus on Traffic Data Collection Commercial Vehicle Operations VI2M creates the basis. We will make sure that future products as well as updates to our current software (such as JOD, VWS etc.) will fit into this framework – at the least from a user experience point of view. We also will integrate our systems where appropriate so we do not duplicate development.

Data Management VI2M Development: Cloud-based Central Database Fleet Management Widget Research & Planning Widget Driver/ Operator Widget Cloud-based Central Database VI2M Development:

Intelligent Maintenance Management Service (iMMS™) Southern African Transport Conference July 9-12, 2018 Pretoria, South Africa Intelligent Maintenance Management Service (iMMS™)

Intelligent Maintenance Management Service (iMMS™) Web-based UI presents geographical maps, site layouts and tabular representations to allow the operator to investigate issues or problems Monitor server hardware and software, desktop hardware and application software, roadside electronics, embedded firmware, cameras, sensors and network elements. Ticket creation: Workforce notification Job scheduling and tracking Maintenance scheduling Tracking scheduled and preventive maintenance

THANK YOU Rish Malhotra rish.malhotra@irdinc.com 306-653-6600