The Human Nervous System

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Presentation transcript:

The Human Nervous System

Major Functions Sensory input – sensory or afferent neutron detect internal or external changes ( stimuli ) and send the message to the brain or spinal cord. Integration – interneurons in the brain or spinal cord process and interpret the message from the sensory neurons, and relay the message back to body parts. (Response to Stimuli) Motor output – motor or efferent neurons receive the message from interneuron and produce a response at the effector organ ( a muscle or a gland).

Stimulus/ Response Any change inside or outside the body The nervous system helps respond to stimuli - Internal stimuli: Thirst, pain, tired External ???

Neurons Nerve cells, Basic working unit of the brain, Basic structure of the nervous system. Specialized cell designed to transmit information to other cells (nerve, Muscle. Etc) Made up of cell body, axon, dendrite. 30,000 neurons can fit on a pin-head

Parts of a Neuron Cell Body: largest part that controls activities of the cell Dendrites: thread-like structures that carry messages to the cell body(Antenna) Axon: tail-like structure that carries messages away from the cell body (cable) Neurons do not touch, they are separated by a gap called a synapse Messages jump across the gap on neurotransmitters.

Types of Neurons Sensory Neurons: sense changes and carry the message to your brain and spinal cord (5 Senses) Interneurons: translate the message and connect sensory to motor neurons (Middle Man) Motor Neurons: receive messages from the brain and make movements

Travel Through the Nervous System Nerve Impulse a signal transmitted along a nerve fiber, The path of a message in the nervous system In the form of electrical and chemical signals There are tiny gaps between neurons called synapses Nerve impulses have to jump over the gaps.

Parts of the Nervous System 1. Central Nervous System (CSN) The complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. CNS is composed of the brain (located in the cranial cavity) and the spinal cord (located in the vertebral cavity). They serve as the main control centers for all body activities.

The Brain Main control center 3 main parts Cerebrum: largest part that controls voluntary activities, thought, language, senses and memory. Cerebellum: coordinates muscle action and maintains balance, posture. Medulla::(Brain Stem) connects brain to the spinal cord and controls involuntary actions (Breathing, Heartbeat, Blood Pressure)

Which of the following letters does not belong? A H I M N O T U V W

Spinal Cord Protected by the vertebrae Connects the brain to the rest of the nervous system Makes reflexes possible: responses to stimuli Impulses can travel as fast as 268 mph

2. Peripheral Nervous System network of nerves branching out from the brain and spinal cord Link between the central nervous system and the rest of the body Nerves that extend from the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body Sensory Nerves: Body to brain Motor nerves: brain to body.