Warm Up – April 18 World War I DBQ Practice – grab two answer sheets from the front table

Document Based Question (DBQ) First Paragraph – Thesis and Context Next Three Paragraphs – Grouping Paragraphs You need to RELATE EACH DOCUMENT BACK TO THE QUESTION BEING ASKED Conclusion – Pick one of the three reasons – support with additional evidence

DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation? Document 1– Source: Pope Gregory XI: The Condemnation of Wycliffe (1382), Gregory XI condemning John Wycliffe for questioning the Catholic Church. Wycliffe, an English theologian and reformer, was a precursor of the Protestant Reformation DESCRIBE THE DOCUMENT “Document 1 shows Pope Gregory XI condemning John Wycliffe for questioning the Catholic Church.” ARE YOU GIVEN CREDIT FOR DESCRIBING DOCUMENT 1? NO

DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation? Document 1– Source: Pope Gregory XI: The Condemnation of Wycliffe (1382), Gregory XI condemning John Wycliffe for questioning the Catholic Church. Wycliffe, an English theologian and reformer, was a precursor of the Protestant Reformation SUPPORT THE DOCUMENT “Document 1 illustrates how people such as John Wycliffe felt that the Catholic Church was too focused on wealth and power and not focused on teaching about God and the Bible.” ARE YOU GIVEN CREDIT FOR DESCRIBING DOCUMENT 1? YES

DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation? Document 1– Source: Pope Gregory XI: The Condemnation of Wycliffe (1382), Gregory XI condemning John Wycliffe for questioning the Catholic Church. Wycliffe, an English theologian and reformer, was a precursor of the Protestant Reformation SUPPORT THE DOCUMENT (RELATE BACK TO THE QUESTION) “Followers of the Catholic Church saw that the Church was focused on its own wealth with the selling of indulgences and church positions. The Reformation began as a way to fix these problems.” ARE YOU GIVEN CREDIT FOR EXPLAINING DOCUMENT 1? YES

DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation? Document 1– Source: Pope Gregory XI: The Condemnation of Wycliffe (1382), Gregory XI condemning John Wycliffe for questioning the Catholic Church. Wycliffe, an English theologian and reformer, was a precursor of the Protestant Reformation EXPLAIN THE DOCUMENT (POV or PURPOSE) “The POV of this document is from a Catholic priest which shows bias towards the Church since he is a member of it.” Do you get credit for POV? No “The POV of this document is from a Catholic priest attempting to defend the Church against any attacks. He is attempting to save the Church from losing followers”

DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation? DESCRIBE: “Document 1 illustrates how people such as John Wycliffe felt that the Catholic Church was too focused on wealth and power and not focused on teaching about God and the Bible.” SUPPORT: “Followers of the Catholic Church saw that the Church was focused on its own wealth with the selling of indulgences and church positions. The Reformation began as a way to fix these problems.” EXPLAIN: “The POV of this document is from a Catholic priest attempting to defend the Church against any attacks. He is attempting to save the Church from losing followers”

DBQ INTRODUCTION Thesis –1-2 sentences – use the causes described in the documents “While many historians feel that the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand was the primary cause of World War I, the war actually began because of increased militarization, the formation of alliances, and the aggressive actions of Germany.” Contextualization – what is going on at this time (2 – 3 sentences) “Industrialization in Europe led many European nations to look for resources in India and Africa. The “Scramble for Africa” led to increased militarization and nationalism as nations attempted to expand their empires and gain resources. This eventually led to increased competition and tensions amongst the different European powers.”

DBQ INTRO While many historians feel that the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand was the primary cause of World War I, the war actually began because of increased militarization, the formation of alliances, and the aggressive actions of Germany. Industrialization in Europe led many European nations to look for resources in India and Africa. The “Scramble for Africa” led to increased militarization and nationalism as nations attempted to expand their empires and gain resources. This eventually led to increased competition and tensions amongst the different European powers.

GROUPING PARAGRAPHS First sentence states the grouping and the reason for grouping them. “Documents 1 and 6 discuss militarism as a cause for the war.” DO NOT describe what is in the document – unnecessary – go directly into relating the document to the question. Document 1 illustrates how countries such as Great Britain, France, Russia and Germany were all increasing the amount of money spent building up their militaries. Countries were mobilizing to go to war. This is supported by the statement made by Sidney Bradshaw Fay (Doc 6) when he states that all countries were mobilizing and getting ready to go to war. Increased military spending made the war inevitable.

GROUPING PARAGRAPH Documents 1 and 6 discuss militarism as a cause for the war. Document 1 illustrates how countries such as Great Britain, France, Russia and Germany were all increasing the amount of money spent building up their militaries. Countries were mobilizing to go to war. This is supported by the statement made by Sidney Bradshaw Fay (Doc 6) when he states that all countries were mobilizing and getting ready to go to war. Increased military spending made the war inevitable.

POINT OF VIEW Point of view – describing WHY the author is stating what they are stating Count Rantzau, whose purpose as a delegate of Germany at the Versailles Peace Conference (Doc 5) was to convince the other countries that Germany was not to blame for the war, illustrates that it was the the European nations need to retaliate and expand that caused the war, not Germany.

PERIOD 6: 1900- PRESENT (ACCELERATING GLOBAL CHANGE AND RE-ALIGNMENT) World War I – A European War

A European War Russia began to mobilize Supported Serbia and Pan-Slavism France began to mobilize to support Russia Germany gave Russia and France an ultimatum = stop mobilizing or face war They didn’t stop Germany declared war on Russia and France Great Britain tried to stay neutral

A European War August 1914 = Germany invaded neutral Belgium in order to get to France This led Great Britain to declare war on Germany Did not like that Germany was getting so close to them Did not like that Germany was invading neutral countries

The Schlieffen Plan Created by German General Alfred von Schlieffen German Plan = go into France through Belgium and conquer France, THEN turn back around through Germany to get Russia Believed Russia would be slow to mobilize because so large Paris = objective of German push in France after getting through Belgium

Problems with the Schlieffen Plan The Germans met much more resistance in Belgium than they anticipated - This slowed the Germans down - This depleted German resources, troops, etc. The slowdown in Belgium gave British troops a chance to come over and join the French troops for support Russia mobilized a lot faster than Germany thought it would - This forced Germany to end up fighting on 2 fronts

Military Aspects of WWI New Weapons Dirigibles (airships) Submarines Machine guns Giant artillery guns Tanks Airplanes Poison gas Gas masks

Military Aspects of WWI Trench Warfare Used on the Western Front Complex system of trenches and tunnels Best Strategy – Defense – wait for your opponent to make a move Soldiers would be in them for several weeks at a time Soldiers suffered from boredom, disease, rats, mud, cold, standing water “Trench foot” = when the feet would begin to rot and decay due to exposure to water and cold Often got infected  could lead to gangrene

Military Aspects of WWI Trench Warfare (cont.) Trenches were surrounded by barbed wire -- men often got caught in it Space in between the trenches = “No man’s land” “No man’s land” = scattered with land mines WWI became a war of attrition = trying to wear down the other side with constant attacks

WWI = “Total War” Total War = countries involved used every resource available for the war effort On the home front = people mobilized resources for the military front Hole in the workforce because the war took any men old enough to fight Women went to work in the factories Poor people benefited from new work Factories made war products instead of domestic products “War socialism” = governments took more control over the economy during the war; needed war supplies

Stalemate on the Western Front Stalemate - Both sides continued to fight with neither side making any real progress Both sides were losing troops, ammunition, supplies, food, medicine Both sides had to change their war strategy: Recruitment of Civilians Propaganda = used by the government to make the enemy look beastly and inhuman United States at this time is neutral – choosing to stay out of the conflict

TOD – April 19 Answer the following questions on a post it: 1. Describe the goals and effects of the German Schlieffen Plan 2. How did new weapons effect the outcome of the war? 3. Why was their a long stalemate on the western front? 4. Describe the term “Total War”