The Civil War – One nation, TWO cultures The Union The Confederacy To the North, it was seen as treason – “The War of The Rebellion” – not a “civil” war at all. The South did NOT have the right to leave the “Union” of the United States for ANY reason. The North was industrial, supportive of the tariff. To the South, it was a matter of the rights of the states – in fact, to them, it was “The War Between the States.” They believed a state had the right to leave the US and become its own nation or join another! The CSA was agrarian society. The Federals The Rebels

What were the chain of events that caused it? Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Kansas Nebraska Act & Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott Decision John Brown Hanging “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriett Beecher Stowe Election of Abraham Lincoln Secession of South Carolina and then Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas Firing upon Ft. Sumter by South Assign Dred Scot reading and questions from text or do in class.

Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, bythe better angels of our nature.

South Carolina leads the way in 1860 followed by Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas in the early part of 1861.

South Carolina’s Declaration of Immediate Causes This sectional combination for the submersion of the Constitution, has been aided in some of the States by elevating to citizenship, persons who, by the supreme law of the land, are incapable of becoming citizens; and their votes have been used to inaugurate a new policy, hostile to the South, and destructive of its beliefs and safety. On the 4th day of March next, this party will take possession of the Government. It has announced that the South shall be excluded from the common territory, that the judicial tribunals shall be made sectional, and that a war must be waged against slavery until it shall cease throughout the United States. The guaranties of the Constitution will then no longer exist; the equal rights of the States will be lost. The slaveholding States will no longer have the power of self-government, or self-protection, and the Federal Government will have become their enemy.

FORT SUMTER The First Shots O Caroline, Caroline, Child of the sun, We can never forget, That our hearts have been one! Oliver Wendell Holmes The First Shots

Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina secede; West Virginia breaks away from Virginia and forms its own state. Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware although slave states do NOT secede. Constitutional Issues

Why Did It Have to Happen? Slavery - No agreement about expansion of slavery in West. Economics - Southern dependence on agriculture and hatred of tariff. Constitutional Issues – states rights vs. federalism Two Societies - sectionalism Blundering Generation - Reform movements gaining popularity with abolition being #1. ?