The Impact of Planting Date on Fiber and Yarn Quality

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Presentation transcript:

The Impact of Planting Date on Fiber and Yarn Quality Gayle Davidonis USDA-ARS-SRRC New Orleans, LA Devron Thibodeaux USDA-ARS-SAA Clemson, SC Ernest Clawson LSU Ag Center St Joseph, LA Donald Boquet LSU Ag Center Winnsboro, LA

Introduction With interest in double cropping and selection of an optimum planting date for yield and quality, periodically planting date studies are initiated to determine if optimum planting date can be shifted. In most studies micronaire decreased with lateness of planting.

Objective To ascertain the effects of planting date on fiber and yarn properties. Genotypes were selected that were characterized by specific fiber properties.

Cultivar Characteristics DP444 B/R DP555 B/R Deltapearl FM960 B/R PSC355 PHY410 R ST4892 B/R ST5599 B/R low micronaire high short fiber content, low uniformity ratio. long fiber high strength, small perimeter high strength, larger perimeter high micronaire mid range properties but tends to be high micronaire

Materials and Methods Cultivars grown at LSU facilities in Winnsboro and St. Joseph, LA 2004 and 2005. Randomized complete block design with four replications. Four planting dates each year, early April and late April, early May and late May. Plants in Winnsboro were irrigated.

Cotton was sequently harvested on three or four dates each year with a two row picker. Cotton was ginned on a 20 saw gin with no lint cleaning. HVI analysis was done at LSU, Baton Rouge AFIS Pro analysis was done at Cotton Incorporated. Two replications from each treatment were processed into yarn. Mini-spinning was done at the ARS facility at Clemson. Yarn tests were done at SRRC.

Table 1. UpperHalf Mean Length (mm) Winnsboro Cultivar Planting Date 4/5/04 4/28/04 5/6/04 5/27/04 4/5/05 4/25/05 5/5/05 5/25/05 DP444B/R 28.9 a* 28.6 ab 28.2 b 28.9 a 27.3 d 27.5 cd 28.1 bc DP555B/R 29.1 a 28.4 bc 27.9 cd 28.6 b 26.8 de 26.7 e 27.4 d Deltapearl 29.5 a 29.7 a 30.1 a 28.7 b 28.4 b 28.9 b FM960B/R 29.3 a 28.7 a 28.8 a 26.9 c 27.2 c 27.9 b PSC355 28.4 a 27.4 b PHY410R 28.2 a 29.7 b 27.6 b ST4892B/R 27.9 a 27.0 b 26.5 b 26.7 b 27.7 a ST5599B/R 28.1 b 28.2 ab 28.4 ab 27.4 c 27.6 bc *Means followed by the same letter within a row are not statistically different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 2. Short fiber content (%) Winnsboro Cultivar Planting Date 4/5/04 4/28/04 5/6/04 5/27/04 4/5/05 4/25/05 5/5/05 5/25/05 DP444B/R 4.6 d* 5.2 cd 5.8 bc 5.7 c 6.3 abc 7.0 a 6.9 a 6.7 ab DP555B/R 6.0 e 6.1 de 7.0 cd 7.7 bc 8.4 b 9.8 a 9.5 a 8.3 b Deltapearl 5.4 de 5.3 e 6.2 cd 5.6 de 7.2 ab 8.0 a 6.6 bc FM960B/R 4.6 d 5.0 cd 5.8 c 5.9 c 6.8 b 7.8 a 7.6 a 6.9 b PSC355 3.5 b 3.4 b 4.1 b 4.2 b 6.0 a 5.5 a 5.1 a 5.2 a PHY410R 3.6 c 4.0 bc 5.8 a 4.4 b 4.5 b ST4892B/R 4.0 b 4.6 b 4.8 b 5.5 ab 5.8 ab ST5599BR 6.8 a 5.6 b 5.9 b 6.3 ab 6.7 a 7.2 a *Means followed by the same letter within a row are not statistically different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 3. St. Joseph length and short fiber content Cultivar UHML SFC % 4/5/04 5/27/04 4/8/05 5/27/05 DP444B/R 28.9 a* 29.2 a 28.9 a 29.1 a 5.9 a 6.4 a 6.6 a DP555B/R 29.4 a 29.3 a 28.4 b 28.2 b 8.7 ab 8.2 b 9.5 a Deltapearl 30.3 a 30.2 a 29.5 b 7.5 b 8.4 a 6.0 c FM960B/R 29.2 ab 29.5 a 28.7 b PSC355 - 5.5 b PHY410R 29.7 a 28.8 b 28.9 ab 4.8 a 5.2 a 5.3 a 5.5 a ST4892B/R 28.7 a 5.2 ab 5.7 a 4.6 ab 5.4 ab ST5599B/R 28.8 a 6.9 b 8.5 a 6.3 b 7.2 b *Means followed by the same letter within a row and within the same fiber property are not statistically different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 4. Micronaire Cultivar Planting Date Winnsboro ST Joseph 4/5/04 5/27/04 4/5/05 5/25/05 4/8/05 5/27/05 DP444B/R 4.5 a* 4.0 b 4.5 a 4.4 a DP555B/R 4.9 a 4.2 c 4.6 b 4.7 ab 4.3 c 4.8 ab 4.1 c Deltapearl 5.1 a 4.4 d 4.7 bc 4.8 b 4.6 cd FM960B/R 4.6 ab 4.5 b 4.8 a PSC355 5.2 a 4.8 bc 4.3 d 4.7 c 5.0 ab - PHY410R 4.5 cd 4.9 ab ST4892B/R 4.7 b 5.0 a ST5599B/R 4.4 bc *Means followed by the same letter within a row are not statistically different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 5. Bundle Strength (g/tex) Winnsboro Cultivar Planting Date 4/5/04 4/28/04 5/6/04 5/27/04 4/5/05 4/25/05 5/5/05 5/25/05 DP444B/R 29.7 a* 28.9 ab 29.9 a 29.7 a 26.1 c 27.8 b DP555B/R 28.8 ab 29.0 ab 28.0 bc 24.3 e 23.9 e 25.2 e 27.4 cd Deltapearl 30.2 a 30.6 a 30.3 a 26.5 c 26.9 c 27.4 c 28.5 b FM960B/R 32.7 ab 31.8 b 33.6 a 27.9 c 27.7 c 29.0 c 31.7 b PSC355 33.1 a 32.3 a 33.0 a 32.2 a 30.1 b 31.8 a PHY410R 32.4 a 31.8 ab 32.0 ab 30.6 bc 29.9 cd 29.0 d 30.9 bc 31.5 ab ST4892B/R 30.4 ab 30.2 ab 31.4 a 31.0 a 26.5 d 25.9 d 28.3 c 29.5 bc ST5599B/R 29.8 a 26.4 c 26.3 c 27.9 bc 29.3 a *Means followed by the same letter within a row are not statistically different at the 0.05 probability level.

The prediction of yarn quality has involved numerous fiber properties. First tier Strength, Elongation, Fineness Second tier Length, Length uniformity, Short fiber content

Table A. Comparisons across cultivars Early Planting Date (4/8/05) St Joseph, LA Cultivar Property FM960B/R Deltapearl PHY410R Yarn Ten, cN/tex 18.1 a 16.1 b 16.3 b Skein CSP, N 224 a 211 a 191 b Fiber STR, g/tex 31.3 a 30.7 a 31.7 a PERM, µm 51.5 a 52.2 a 53.8 b FIN, millitex 178.4 b 184.1 b 189.5 a Micronaire 4.8 a 4.9 a UHML, mm 28.4 b 30.0 a 28.7 b LWCV, % 31.6 a 31.1 a 28.2 b SFCW, % 5.9 a 6.1 a 4.6 b * Means followed by the same letter within a row are not statistically different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table B. Comparisons across cultivars Early Planting Date (4/8/05) St Joseph, LA Cultivar Property DP444B/R DP555B/R ST5599B/R Yarn Ten, cN/tex 16.7 a* 14.8 b 15.7 ab Skein CSP, N 206 a 181 a 192 a Fiber STR, g/tex 28.6 a 28.3 a 28.7 a PERM, µm 51.8 b 53.2 a FIN, millitex 174.1 b 175.6 b 187.9 a Micronaire 4.5 b 4.8 a UHML, mm 28.2 a 28.9 a LWCV, % 31.3 b 34.1 a 32.2 ab SFCW, % 6.4 b 8.6 a 7.2 ab * Means followed by the same letter within a row are not statistically different at the 0.05 probability level.

Winnsboro 2004 and St. Joseph 2005 No decrease in yarn tenacity occurred with lateness of planting. Low HVI bundle strength was not related to low yarn tenacity for FM960 B/R, DP555 B/R, PSC355, PHY410 R, ST5599 B/R. No HVI bundle strength changes across planting dates were found for Deltapearl, DP444 B/R. Low HVI bundle strength was related to low yarn tenacity for ST4892 B/R in Winnsboro 2004 but not St. Joseph 2005.

Winnsboro 2005 No decrease in yarn tenacity occurred with lateness of planting. Low HVI bundle strength was related to low yarn tenacity for PHY410 R, ST4892 B/R and ST5599 B/R. Low strength was not related to low yarn tenacity for FM960 B/R, DP444 B/R, PSC355 and DP555 B/R. No strength changes were found for Deltapearl.

Table 6. Fiber and Yarn properties for high strength cottons Winnsboro Property FM960B/R Yarn TEN cN/tex STR g/tex UHML mm FIN millitex MIC PERM μm 4/28/04 17.9 ab* 32.0 ab 28.9 a 180.6 c 4.6 b 52.1 bc 5/27/04 18.7 a 30.2 b 28.7 ab 166.6 d 4.1 c 51.1 c 4/25/05 17.6 ab 27.7 c 26.9 d 175.4 cd 51.9 bc 5/27/05 18.0 a 31.6 ab 27.7 cd 168.9 d 4.2 c PSC355 18.3 a 32.6 a 203.6 a 5.3 a 55.0 a 17.0 ab 30.6 ab 28.4 abc 175.6 cd 4.7 b 52.6 b 16.1 b 30.3 ab 27.4 d 196.4 ab 4.9 ab 54.5 a 17.4 ab 32.4ab 27.8 bcd 191.9b 4.8b 54.1 a *Means followed by the same letter within a column are not statistically different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 7. Fiber and Yarn Properties for Deltapearl Winnsboro Planting Date Yarn TEN cN/tex STR g/tex UHML mm FIN millitex MIC PERM μm 4/5/04 17.4 ab* 31.1 a 29.7 ab 193.1 a 5.2 a 53.3 a 4/28/04 16.4 b 29.9 ab 186.1 ab 5.0 ab 52.6 abc 5/5/04 16.6 b 31.3 a 29.5 abc 4.8 abc 52.9 ab 5/27/05 17.3 ab 30.2 a 174.1 bc 4.4 d 51.8 cd 4/5/05 17.5 ab 27.2 c 28.9 bc 175.4 c 4.3 d 51.7 cd 4/25/05 16.7 b 27.5 c 28.7 bc 171.4 c 51.5d 5/5/05 16.0 b 27.8 bc 28.4 c 179.1 bc 4.6 cd 52.2 bcd 19.0 a 29.2 bc 177.9 bc 4.8 bc 52.0 bcd *Means followed by the same letter within a column are not statistically different at the 0.05 probability level.

Conclusions Early planting for high micronaire cultivars did not result in lower micronaire values. Yarn tenacity did not deteriorate with lateness of planting for all cultivars. Fiber packages impact yarn tenacity. Mean yarn tenacity and perimeter across all years, planting dates and locations was similar for Deltapearl and DP444 B/R. Although Deltapearl had stronger and longer fiber, DP444 B/R had greater length uniformity, lower fineness and lower micronaire values.