Thinking Critically What are the jobs you identified with your 3 people? What are the 6 misconceptions? Describe a way that mathematics is involved in each issue below: Long-term viability of the SS system Appropriate level for th efederal gas tax Fairness of medial insurance rates Job discrimination against women or ethnic groups. Possible bias in standardized tests Degree of risk posed by carbon dioxide emissions Immigration policy of the US Violence in public schools Issue from newspaper

Recognizing the Fallacies Unit 1A Recognizing the Fallacies Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Bursting Bubble p.14 The deep global recession that began in 2007 was spurred in large part by a collapse in the housing prices, which led many homeowners to default on their home mortgages, which in turn created a crisis for banks and other institutions that bought, sold , or insured home mortgages. If we hope to avoid similar crises in the future, a key questions is whether there were early warning signs that might have allowed both individuals and policy makers to make decision that could have prevented the problems before they occurred. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Bursting Bubble Questions CN BB 1-7 1. Consider a family with an annual income of $50,000. How much in 2000 with ratio of 3.5? How much in 2005 when ratio was 4.7? 2. What can you conclude about how the percentage of income that a family spent on housing changed during the housing bubble? 3. Based on your understanding of the housing crisis, what happened in most cases during the housing bubble? 4. Do you think it was inevitable for the bubble to burst? Why or why not? 5. How could you use the data to help you decide how much to spend when buying a house? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Definitions Logic is the study of the methods and principles of reasoning. An argument uses a set of facts or assumptions, called premises, to support a conclusion. A fallacy is a deceptive argument—an argument in which the conclusion is not well supported by the premises. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Fallacy Structures Appeal to Popularity Many people believe p is true; therefore…p is true. False Cause A came before B; therefore…A caused B. Appeal to Ignorance There is no proof that p is true; therefore…p is false. Hasty Generalization A and B are linked one or a few times; therefore…A causes B (or vice versa). Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Fallacy Structures Limited Choice p is false; therefore…only q can be true. Appeal to Emotion p is associated with a positive emotional response; therefore… p is true. Personal Attack I have a problem with the person or group claiming p; therefore… p is not true. Circular Reasoning p is true. p is restated in different words. (The argument states the conclusion.) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Fallacy Structures Diversion (Red Herring) p is related to q and I have an argument concerning q; therefore…p is true. Straw Man I have an argument concerning a distorted version of p; therefore…I hope you are fooled into concluding I have an argument concerning the real version of p. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Examples Determine the fallacy structure of each argument. “Your lack of enthusiasm for astronomy proves that you hate science.” → Limited choice “I don’t support the mayor’s tax plan because he is a bad person.” → Personal attack “This movie sold the most tickets last weekend, so it must be the best movie in the theaters.” → Appeal to popularity Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Homework 1A Class Notes BB 1-7 p.20 1-10 1 web 1 world 41. Campaign Site 42. Gun Control Debate 43. Death penalty Debate 44. Health Care Debate 45. Fallacy Web Sites 1 world 46. Editorial Fallacies 47. Fallacies in Advertising 48. Fallacies in Politics 49. Personal Fallacies Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.