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- Death rates: US Mortality Volumes 1930 to 1959, US Mortality Data 1960 to 2015, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. - Cigarette consumption: 1900-1999: US Department of Agriculture. 2000-2015: Wang, TW et al. PMID: 27932780

- National Center for Health Statistics - National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2016: With Chartbook on Long-term Trends in Health. Hyattsville, MD. - National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016. Public-use data file and documentation. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm

- National Center for Health Statistics - National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2015: With Special Feature on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. Hyattsville, MD. - National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015 and 2016. Public-use data file and documentation. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm

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- National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015. Public-use data file and documentation. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm

- National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015. Public-use data file and documentation. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm

- National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public-use data files and documentation. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm

- National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015. Public-use data file and documentation. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm

- National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015. Public-use data file and documentation. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm