Furnace Heat Transfer & Steam Generation

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Presentation transcript:

Furnace Heat Transfer & Steam Generation P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Optimal Blending of Two Thermal Actions…

Religious to Secular Attitude of Water flowing thru Furnace (Water) Walls

Natural Circulation Steam Generator

Natural Circulation Nuclear Reactor

Religious to Secular Attitude of Water flowing thru Furnace (Water) Walls

Forced Circulation Steam Generator

Forced Circulation Nuclear Reactor

Once Through Steam Generator Once-through tangential fired Max. continuous rating: 520 kg/s Max.Steam temperature outlet: 540°C Live steam pressure outlet: 18,3 MPa

Super Critical Nuclear Reactor

The Basics of Flow Boiling….

Religious to Secular Attitude of Water flowing thru Furnace (Water) Walls

Subcritical Boiling process in Tubular Geometries Heat Input Water Steam Partial Steam Generation Complete or Once-through Generation Water

Tube Wall Temperature : Sub-critical Flow Boiling Newton’s Law of Cooling:

Subcritical Flow Boiling & Mechanism of Heat Transfer

Religious to Secular Attitude

Tube Wall Temperature : Super-critical Flow Boiling Newton’s Invention:

Spiral Tubing for Uniform Heating

1000MW BABCOCK-HITACH

Paths of Steam and Gas Drum Water walls Economizer

Thermal Structure of A Boiler Furnace DPNL SH Platen SHTR R H T LTSH Economiser APH ESP ID Fan drum Furnace BCW pump Bottom ash stack

Radiative Super Heaters

Convective Superheater

Reheater The pressure drop inside reheater tubes has an important adverse effect on the efficiency of turbine. Pressure drop through the reheater should be kept as low as possible. The tube diameter : 42 – 60mm. The design is similar to convective superheaters.

Economizer The economizer preheats the feed water by utilizing the residual heat of the flue gas. It reduces the exhaust gas temperature and saves the fuel. Modern power plants use steel-tube-type economizers. Design Configuration: divided into several sections : 0.6 – 0.8 m gap

Air Pre-Heater An air pre-heater heats the combustion air where it is economically feasible. The pre-heating helps the following: Igniting the fuel. Improving combustion. Drying the pulverized coal in pulverizer. Reducing the stack gas temperature and increasing the boiler efficiency. There are three types of air heaters: Recuperative Rotary regenerative Heat pipe

Rotary or Regenerative Air Pre-Heater

Exhaust gas heat recovery system Configuration and temperature profile in air heater

Steam Temperatures Gas Temperatures Platen Super Heater: Inlet Temperature : 1236.4 0C Outlet Temperature (FEGT) : 1077 0C Final Super Heater: Inlet Temperature: 1077 0C Outlet Temperature: 962.4 0C Reheater: Inlet Temperature: 962.4 0C Outlet Temperature: 724.3 0C Low Temperature Super Heater: Inlet Temperature: 724.30C Outlet Temperature: 481.3 0C Economizer: Inlet Temperature: 481.3 0C Outlet Temperature: 328.5 0C Platen Super Heater: Inlet Temperature: 404 0C Outlet Temperature: 475 0C Final Super Heater: Inlet Temperature: 475 0C Outlet Temperature: 540 0C Reheater: Inlet Temperature: 345 0C Outlet Temperature: 5400C Low Temperature Super Heater: Inlet Temperature: 3590C Outlet Temperature: 404 0C Economizer: Inlet Temperature: 254 0C Outlet Temperature: 302 0C

Flue Gas Temperature At different regions of Furnace   Design Calculated 1 Adiabatic Flame Temp (K) 1957 1966 2 FEGT (0C) 1102 1117 3 Platen SH-I Outlet (0C) 932 951 4 Platen SH-II Outlet-I outlet (0C) 859 878 5 RH 3rd & 2nd outlet (0C) 595 604 6 RH 1st Stage outlet (0C) 510 531 7 Economiser outlet (0C) 385 398 8 APH Outlet (0C) 138 151

Thermodynamic Cycle of air & Gas and flow diagram

Bird View of Power Plant Steam Generator

Steam Generator Draught System FD Fan Duct APH Furnace Back pass ESP ID Chimney

Combustion Losses C & R losses Hot Exhaust Gas losses APH Economizer CSH Pendent SH Reheater Platen SH Furnace absorption

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