Homeostasis Homeostasis = maintaining stable internal conditions “Dynamic state of equilibrium” means that internal conditions change and vary, but are maintained within a narrow range of limits. For Example: The body must maintain an adequate amount of blood. Homeo = same Stasis = standing still

Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Homeostasis Homeostatic Control Mechanisms lloydi.com A “mechanism” is any process by which something occurs. Communication is essential to homeostasis. Chief systems involved: Nervous system Endocrine system The factor or event being regulated is called the “variable.” Brrrr! I’m shivering!

Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Homeostasis Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Three main components of a Homeostatic Mechanism: Homeostatic Control Mechanism Receptor Control Center Effector Stimulus www.wmo.ch Receptor Off-Balance I’m too HOT! Sweat glands are working. Effector Control Center Start the sweat glands.

Homeostasis Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Feedback = causes a response to increase or decrease. Positive Feedback Negative Feedback Pushes the response farther. More rare in the body. Examples: Blood clotting Birthing contractions Reduces the response. More common in the body. Examples: Body temperature Breathing rate Blood pressure

Homeostatic Imbalance Homeostasis Homeostatic Imbalance As we age, our body systems become less efficient, and our internal conditions less stable. healthcarefinancials.files.wordpress.com In your textbook… This symbol indicates a homeostatic imbalance section.

The Language of Anatomy Anatomical Position = the standard position used when referring to anatomical parts of the body. 1. Body is standing erect. 2. Arms are hanging down at sides. 3. Palms are held forward with thumbs out.

The Language of Anatomy Superior Superior = Towards the head end. Ex. The neck is superior to the shoulders.

The Language of Anatomy Inferior : Towards the feet end. Ex. The knees are inferior to the thighs. Inferior

The Language of Anatomy Anterior (Ventral) : Towards the front. Ex. The breastbone is anterior to the spine. anterior static-p3.fotolia.com

The Language of Anatomy Posterior (Dorsal) : Towards the back. Ex. The heart is posterior to the breastbone. posterior static-p3.fotolia.com

The Language of Anatomy Medial : Toward the midline. Ex. The breastbone is medial to the arm. medial tpub.com

The Language of Anatomy Lateral : Away from the midline. Ex. The arms are lateral to the chest. lateral lateral tpub.com

The Language of Anatomy Intermediate : Between a more medial and a more lateral structure. Ex. The armpit is intermediate between the breast bone and the shoulder. intermediate tpub.com

The Language of Anatomy Proximal : Close to the origin of the body (or the point of attachment of a limb). Ex. The elbow is proximal to the wrist (meaning the elbow is closer to the arm’s point of attachment than the wrist). proximal tpub.com

The Language of Anatomy Distal : Farther from the origin of the body (or the point of attachment of a limb). Ex. The ankle is distal to the knee (meaning the ankle is farther from the point of attachment than the knee). distal distal distal tpub.com

The Language of Anatomy Superficial : Toward or at the body surface. Ex. The skin is superficial to the skeleton. A “superficial” wound is usually one that is not deep. superficial squarehe.com tpub.com

The Language of Anatomy Deep: More internal or away from the body surface. Ex. The lungs are deep to the rib cage. deep wocn.confex.com tpub.com

The Language of Anatomy Anterior Body Landmarks Nasal Oral Cervical Acromial Thoracic Brachial Antecubital Abdominal Umbilical Carpal Digital Pubic Patellar Crural (leg) Tarsal Let’s ID the facial landmarks first! Orbital Buccal Sternal Axillary Pelvic Coxal Inquinal Femoral Fibular Now let’s ID the main body landmarks! Now let’s ID the outer body landmarks! Now let’s ID the lower body landmarks! tpub.com

The Language of Anatomy Occipital Deltoid Scapular Vertebral Lumbar Sacral Gluteal Femoral Popliteal Sural Cephalic Posterior Body Landmarks mhhe.com

Body Planes and Sections The Language of Anatomy Body Planes and Sections Frontal = lengthwise or longitudinal… Divides into anterior and posterior. Saggital = lengthwise or longitudinal… Divides into left and right. Section = refers to a “cut” through the body. Plane = refers to a section made through the body wall or an organ. Transverse = Horizontal… Divides into superior and inferior. www.cpd-istotalcpdltd.co.uk

Sagittal Examples of Body Planes and Sections: www.nlm.nih.gov www3.americanradiology.com www.nlm.nih.gov www.nlm.nih.gov

Frontal Examples of Body Planes and Sections: sinusinfocenter.com www.cypruschiropractic.org www.sgsu.co.uk

Transverse Examples of Body Planes and Sections: www.sciencelearn.org.nz www.briankaneonline.com DE Body Atlas: CAT Scans

Ventral Body Cavity Dorsal Body Cavity The Language of Anatomy Body Cavities Dorsal Body Cavity Ventral Body Cavity Cranial Cavity Thoracic Cavity Dorsal Body Cavity Diaphragm Spinal Cavity Abdominal Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity Pelvic Cavity http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter1/labeling_exercises.html# anatomycorner.com

The Language of Anatomy Homeostatic Imbalance cafeketban.net What cavity is most at risk? The abdominopelvic… www.ci.vallejo.ca.us …because it is only protected with muscle (no bones).

Divisions of the Abdominopelvic cavity:

Assignment: TXT pg 20 Questions #1-5 ADAM Key Terms/Roots pg 2-5 SP (Study Partner) (Study Partner is located at http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2002_general/Esp/default.htm Levels of Organization Introduction Structure & Function   Life Characteristics    Human Organization    Homeostasis    Anatomical Planes    Directional Terms    Body Organization    Additional Activities    Quiz