Industrial Revolution By Mrs. Hoff

The Beginnings of Industrialization Main idea: The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread elsewhere. The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies.

The Industrial Revolution Begins Definition: Industrial Revolution: The shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine.

The Industrial Revolution Begins How it started: Improvements in farming methods in the 1700s boost crop yields and lead to enclosed lands. Enclosure movement Crop rotation

The Industrial Revolution Begins Many small farmers loose their land, move to the city, and become urban workers.

The Industrial Revolution Begins Britain possesses ideal conditions for the growth of industry: Land Labor Capital

Inventions Spur Technological Growth Key inventions revolutionize industry during the 18th and 19th century. Textiles Cotton cloth Transportation Leads to the construction of canals, roads, and railroads.

The Industrial Revolution Begins Some reasons why productivity increase: Specialization and division of labor More and better capital goods Better energy sources Better technology Better transportation

Industrialization changes ways of life Industrialization leads to economic growth and urbanization. Urbanization: city building and the movement of people to cities.

Industrialization changes ways of life London: Living conditions are hard No sanitation No building codes Overcrowding Short life span

Industrialization changes ways of life Industry generates wealth for some but hardships for others. As divisions between the rich and poor grow, class tensions escalate.

The Mills of Manchester – An Example Manchester became an example of the new industrial city. Water power, ready labor, and the sea by Liverpool made it possible. The city grew quickly – unplanned growth left the city filthy. Standard of living eventually raises for all.

Manchester

Industrialization changes ways of life Textile factories produced great wealth for mill owners. Business owners risked money, but made huge profits.

Industrialization changes ways of life Workers and the environment suffered the effects of industrialization. Pollution of the environment: moths Terrible working conditions: Sadler Committee

Industrialization Spreads Industrial Development in the US Favorable conditions British machinery spreads Growth of railroads fuels American Industry

Industrialization Spreads Industrialization Reaches Continental Europe War and unrest delay the growth for awhile French Revolution and wars Political disunity in Germany Social Structures Geographic Problems

Industrialization Spreads Belgium is the first country in Europe to industrialize, followed by Germany. Other parts of Europe start to develop industry in the mid-1800s, although progress is slow in some areas.

Industrialization Spreads Worldwide Impact of Industrialization The Industrial Revolution widens the gap between more – developed and less- developed nations. Industrialized countries exploit overseas colonies for resources and markets. Over time, standards of living rise in the industrial nations.

How has industry changed in your lifetime?

An Age of Reforms Main idea: The Industrial Revolution led to economic, social, and political reforms. Many modern social welfare programs developed during this period.

The Philosophers of Industrialization Laissez-faire thinkers supported a free market and opposed government regulation. Laissez-faire: the idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses. Capitalism: economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit.

The Philosophers of Industrialization Adam Smith: wrote The Wealth of Nations. Book says that if government doesn’t interfere in the economy then the economy will grow endlessly.

The Philosophers of Industrialization Thomas Malthus: argued that population will increase more rapidly than the food supply, so wars and epidemics are needed to kill off the excess population (survival of the fittest). Quote: “The superior power of population cannot be checked without producing misery or vice”.

The Philosophers of Industrialization David Ricardo: argues that the world will always need a poor underclass since they provide cheap labor which keeps prices down.

The Rise of Socialism Some thinkers oppose laissez- faire policies and favor government efforts to improve people’s lives.

The Rise of Socialism Utilitarianism: The theory that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill They wanted reforms in prisons, voting, cooperative agriculture, etc.

The Rise of Socialism Socialists and Marxists propose state controls to achieve social and economic equality. Socialism: the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.

The Rise of Socialism Marxism: Karl Marx and Frederich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto, which argued human societies have always been divided into warring classes – the bourgeoisie (middle class owners) and the proletariat (workers). These men believed that the workers would eventually unite and destroy the system of injustice.

The Rise of Socialism Communism: a form of socialism in which the means of production – all lands, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses – would be owned by the people. Private property would cease to exist. All goods and services would be shared equally.

Unionization and Legislative Reform Workers organize unions to raise wages and improve conditions. Collective bargaining: negotiations between workers and their employees. Strike: refusal to work Unions: workers who are joined together in voluntary associations.

Unionization and Legislative Reform Industrialization spurs the growth of various reform movements. The abolitionist movement helps to end slavery in most countries by the late 1800s. Women fight for their rights, while education and prison reform make strides.

Checking for comprehension T or F: The crop rotation system developed in Britain during the agricultural revolution increased crop yields because it increased nutrients in the soil.

Checking for comprehension The first sector to undergo major industrialization was the textile industry.

Checking for comprehension Britain had all the factors need for production: L___________ C___________

Checking for comprehension Name three things that improved because of the Industrial Revolution. Now, name three problems that occurred because of the Industrial Revolution.

Checking for comprehension Who defended the capitalist system in his book The Wealth of Nations?

Checking for comprehension Who is Karl Marx?