The Global Environment

Geography ARE LOCATED AND how they relate to each other. The study of where: People, Places, and Things ARE LOCATED AND how they relate to each other.

Ancient Egypt Studied the land Why? Egyptian Priests Land uses What the land could produce Base a tax system off of the land – supported building their temples

Greeks First to create maps of Europe, Africa, and Asia.

5 Themes of Geography Location Place Interaction between people and environment Movement Region

Location Where is Trans Ed Academy? In your notebook, try to explain to someone where is the location of Trans Ed Academy. Turn to a neighbor and see how much your explanation is helpful. Rate your partner’s explanation: 10 being very helpful, 1 being not helpful at all, and 5 being probably helpful.

Relative Location Describe TEA-WC in terms of another location? Did you: Describe TEA-WC in terms of another location? How else did you describe it? How do we determine its EXACT or ABSOLUTE location?

ABSOLUTE Location Use grid of numbered lines of latitude and longitude. West Chester is located at about: 40 Deg. N, 75.6 Deg. W

Latitude & Longitude Latitude Longitude Measures distance north and south of the Equator. Longitude Measures distances east and west of the Prime Meridian

Equator Divides the Earth into two halves (Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Line of latitude

Prime Meridian Divides World into Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Greenwich, England

International Dateline Opposite of Prime Meridian

PLACE II Described by physical and human characteristics

PLACE - physical Landforms Climate Soil Animal Life

PLACE – Human Characteristics Way of life Transportation Religion Languages

Think about our PLACE Describe West Chester as a place. On a sheet of loose leaf/ note book paper: Describe West Chester as a place. Consider the following: Stores Landforms Religions Animal Life Weather Transportation

Interaction Between People & Environment How do we interact with our environment?

Hidden Cost How has interactions with environment created “hidden costs?” Farming Transportation

People adapt How do people adapt to different environments? Desert Tropical Arctic Earthquake Prone Beach Mountain

MOVEMENT III People Places Goods Movement of How did people get to America (early settlers/natives) Early people moved primarily for? Alaskan land bridge

Trade Exports – What is it? Imports – What is it?

Ideas Spread Religion Technology Science Philosophy Art Music Sports

Interdependence Global Interdependence Dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world. What is something we are dependent on?

KEY TERMS Geography Latitude Longitude Export Import Interdependence

HOW am I going to remember these FIVE themes? PILMR Place Interaction between people and Environment Location Movement Region

Understanding the Physical World

REGIONS (V) Identified by: Physical characteristics Economic Political Cultural PEPC

Maps Book Athenians fighting a war against Persia Athenians want aid from Sparta Athens supplies Sparta with a map hoping for an alliance. Sparta assesses that Athens is a greater threat because of the map

Tools of Geographers Geographers use globes and maps. Why is a globe more accurate than a map.

What is a drawback of using a globe?

Map Projection Show a curved earth on a flat surface. Accuracy varies depending on type of map.

Mercator Projection Gerardus Mercator - 1569 Sailors needed a map that showed direction accurately (N/S/E/W)

Mercator Projection

Mercator Projection Accurate view of land areas NEAR EQUATOR Direction (N/S/E/W) North and South Poles Land becomes distorted What is the problem with using a Mercator Projection?

Interrupted Projection Shoe correct sizes and shapes of landmasses Cut-out oceans Impossible to: accurately measure distance plot a course across an ocean

Interrupted Projection

Peters Projection Shows correct areas of landmasses and oceans. Directions are accurate Distorts shapes of continents Notice how Africa appears longer and thinner.

Peters Projection

Robinson Projection Shows correct sizes and shapes of most landmasses Fairly accurate view of sizes of the oceans Fairly accurate view of distance over landmasses Distortions along the edge of the map

Robinson Projection

Review Positives and Negatives Mercator Interrupted Peters Robinson Which do you think is the best?

Special Purpose Maps Political Map Shows borders that divide nations

Physical Map Shows physical features (lakes/mountains)

Topography Physical features of a place or region

Population Map

Climate Map

Vegetation Map

Natural Resources Map

Cartographer A Mapmaker

Landforms Mountain What makes a mountain? Hills Plains Low elevation, flat. Coastal Plains Plains that border oceans Plateaus Large area of high, flat or gently rolling land. Mexico City

Landforms Bay Part of a body of water that is partly enclosed by land Cape Narrow point of land that extends into a body of water Delta Area formed by soil deposited at the mouth of a river Divide Ridge that separates rivers that flow in one direction from those that flow in the opposite direction Hill Area of raised land that is lower and more rounded than a mountain

Landforms Isthmus Narrow strip of land joining two large land areas or joining a peninsula to a mainland Lake Body of water surrounded by land Mountain High, steep, rugged terrain that is at least 2,000 ft. above sea level Mouth of a river Where a river empties into a larger body of water Peninsula Piece of land that is surrounded on 3 sides by water Plain Broad area of fairly level land – usually close to sea level

Landforms Plateau Large area of high land that is flat or gently rolling River Valley Land drained or watered by a river Source of a River Place where a river originates Strait Narrow channel that connects two larger bodies of water Tributary Stream or small river that flows into a larger stream or river

Q

QUIZ Friday 9-12 – GLOBAL STUDIES KNOW LANDFORMS KNOW DEFINITIONS Be able to provide an actual example (name) of the following: Mouth of a River Peninsula Mountain Range Bay Harbor Cape Gulf Strait