Bellringer #7 What did Pasteur do in his experiments on spontaneous generation that other scientists before him had not done? He used curved necked flasks and left them open He added microorganisms to the broth before he boiled it. He boiled the broth in his flasks. He sealed his flasks. Open text to pg. Set up notes for Ch 15.

Chapter 15 Theory of Evolution Conceptual Strand: A rich variety and complexity of organisms have developed in response to changes in the environment. SPI 3210.5.1 Compare and contrast the structural, functional, and behavioral adaptations of animals or plants found in different environments.   SPI 3210.5.2 Recognize the relationship between form and function in living things. SPI 3210.5.3 Recognize the relationships among environmental change, genetic variation, natural selection, and the emergence of a new species.

Chapter 15 Table of Contents Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Theory of Evolution Chapter 15 Table of Contents Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Section 2 Evidence of Evolution Section 3 Evolution in Action

Chapter 15 Objectives Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Define the biological process of evolution. Summarize the history of scientific ideas about evolution. Describe Charles Darwin’s contributions to scientific thinking about evolution. Analyze the reasoning in Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Relate the concepts of adaptation and fitness to the theory of natural selection.

He was convinced organisms had changed or evolved over time. Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 15 The Idea of Evolution Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands and noted groups of animals varied from island to island. He was convinced organisms had changed or evolved over time. Evolution: process of change in the inherited characteristics within populations over generations.

Evolutionary Relationships Between Whales and Hoofed Mammals Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 15 Evolutionary Relationships Between Whales and Hoofed Mammals

1800’s scientists study rock layers or strata. Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 15 Ideas about Geology 1800’s scientists study rock layers or strata. Lower strata formed first. Cuvier noted deeper layers held fossils that were different from living species.

The Idea of Evolution, continued Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 15 The Idea of Evolution, continued Lamarck’s Ideas on Evolution Lamarck proposed inheritance of acquired characteristics: individuals could acquire traits in their lifetimes and pass those onto their offspring.

Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 15 Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Descent with Modification Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 15 Darwin’s Ideas Descent with Modification Darwin wrote “On the Origin of Species” where he said descent with modification occurs, that all species descended from common ancestors, and that natural selection is the mechanism for evolution.

Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 15 Darwin’s Voyage

Darwin’s Ideas, continued Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 15 Darwin’s Ideas, continued Natural Selection Organisms in a population adapt to their environment as the proportion of individuals with genes for favorable traits increases. Those individuals that pass on more genes are considered to have greater fitness.

Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 15 Natural Selection

Chapter 15 Adaptation Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Chapter 15 Objectives Section 2 Evidence of Evolution Relate several inferences about the history of life that are supported by evidence from fossils and rocks. Explain how biogeography provides evidence that species evolve adaptations to their environments. Explain how the anatomy and development of organisms provide evidence of shared ancestry. Compare the use of biological molecules with other types of analysis of evolutionary relationships. Describe the ongoing development of evolutionary theory.

Chapter 15 The Fossil Record Section 2 Evidence of Evolution Chapter 15 The Fossil Record Fossils show different types of organisms appeared at different times and places. Geologists have a timeline (geologic time scale) to show order in which different groups of rocks and fossils were formed. Can tell a fossil’s relative age: its age compared to that of other fossils. For certain rocks, scientists can estimate the time since formation, or the absolute age by using radiometric dating.

Anatomy and Physiology Section 2 Evidence of Evolution Chapter 15 Anatomy and Physiology In organisms, analogous structures are similar in function but have different evolutionary origins. Homologous structures (they think) have a common evolutionary origin.

Forelimbs of Vertebrates Section 2 Evidence of Evolution Chapter 15 Forelimbs of Vertebrates

Anatomy and Physiology, continued Section 2 Evidence of Evolution Chapter 15 Anatomy and Physiology, continued They think a species with a vestigial structure probably shares ancestry with a species that has a functional form of the structure. Related species show similarities in embryological development.

Chapter 15 Vestigial Features Section 2 Evidence of Evolution Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Similarities in Embryology Section 2 Evidence of Evolution Chapter 15 Similarities in Embryology Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Phylogeny-the relationships by ancestry among groups of organisms Section 2 Evidence of Evolution Chapter 15 Developing Theory Modern scientists integrate Darwin’s theory with other advances in biological knowledge. Theories and hypotheses about evolution continue to be proposed and investigated. Phylogeny-the relationships by ancestry among groups of organisms

Case Study: Caribbean Anole Lizards Section 3 Evolution in Action Chapter 15 Case Study: Caribbean Anole Lizards Ongoing examples of evolution among living organisms can be observed, recorded, and tested. In convergent evolution, organisms that are not closely related resemble each other because they have responded to similar environments.

Case Study: Caribbean Anole Lizards, continued Section 3 Evolution in Action Chapter 15 Case Study: Caribbean Anole Lizards, continued Divergence and Radiation In divergent evolution, related populations become less similar as they respond to different environments. Adaptive radiation is the divergent evolution of a single group of organisms in a new environment.

Comparing Convergent and Divergent Evolution Section 3 Evolution in Action Chapter 15 Comparing Convergent and Divergent Evolution Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Natural Selection of Anole Lizard Species Section 3 Evolution in Action Chapter 15 Natural Selection of Anole Lizard Species

Section 3 Evolution in Action Chapter 15 Coevolution The increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria is an example of coevolution in progress.

Evolution Strata Natural selection Adaptation superposition 15 Vocab Evolution Strata Natural selection Adaptation superposition 6. Relative age 7. Absolute age 8. Homologous structures 9. Vestigial structures 10. Phylogeny