SUPREME ECOLOGY Unit 8

Population Dynamics Populations change from: Births Deaths Immigration Emigration

Biotic vs. Abiotic Factors Plants Animals Bacteria Fungi Protists Sunlight Wind Soil Moisture Temperature

Carrying Capacity Number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation

Zones of the Ocean Intertidal zone—between low and high tide Neritic zone—from intertidal zone to continental shelf… most biomass Bathyal (BATH-ee-uhl) zone— from neritic zone to base of continental shelf Abyssal zone –lies below 2000 m Based off of distance from shoreline and water depths intertidal zone neritic zone bathyal zone abyssal zone

Criteria to Divide Ocean into Zones Open sea & ocean floor Presence of light Distance from shoreline Water depth

Changes to an Ecosystem Due to: Seasonal variations Climate changes Succession

Changes in Biodiversity Increase Decrease What are some benefits? What are some downsides? What are some benefits? What are some downsides?

Trophic Levels 10% Rule Producers get energy from sun Reduction by 90% at each level Producers get energy from sun Primary consumer = herbivore Secondary consumer = carnivore Why do trophic levels typically stop at the tertiary or quaternary levels?

Food Web vs. Food Chain

Biogeochemical Cycles - Water

Biogeochemical Cycles - Carbon

Human Impact How do humans impact environmental systems? Food Growing, harvesting, waste/disposal Technology Cars, phones, etc Pollution Water, air

Energy Use Renewable Nonrenewable Solar Wind Geothermal Hydroelectric Biomass Impacts? Oil Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Impacts?