Ecology Chapter 2 Section 2

Early Work Then God said, “Let us make man[a] in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” Genesis 1:26-28 Reflect: What does it mean to have dominion over the animals of the earth?

Orca Population http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/baby-boom-continues-for-puget-sound-orcas/ Data suggests that in 1800’s the population may have numbered as many as 200 individuals In November 2005 this resident group was classified as endangered What is causing the decline?

3-2 Energy Flow

I. Producers Use energy from sun or chemicals to make own food 1. photosynthesis 2. chemosynthesis B. Start of food chain (initial start of energy) Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth. Some types of organisms rely on the energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds. Plants use the energy from sunlight to carry out the process of photosynthesis. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

CFU In your notebook, write a sentence describing the difference between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. What is being synthesized in both of the above processes? – tell your neighbor

II. Consumers (heterotrophs) A. There are many different types 1.Herbivores eat plants. 2. Carnivores eat animals. 3. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. 4. Detritivores feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter. 5. Decomposers, like bacteria and fungi, break down organic matter. Handout…food chain

Food Chain A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten Identify the producer(s) and consumer(s)

Food Web Network of complex feeding interactions in an ecosystem How different from a food chain?

CFU – identify a food chain that includes: producer, herbivore, 1st level carnivore and 2nd level carnivore

Construct a Food Web Mini-Lab 2.1 p. 42 Construct a food web on your paper with arrows illustrating the flow of energy Label the organisms as: producers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and detritivores

Review A. algae, ferns, sunflowers B. mushrooms, bacteria, earthworms Which of the following lists identifies organisms that are producers in food webs?   A. algae, ferns, sunflowers B. mushrooms, bacteria, earthworms C. termites, red foxes, shrews D. woodpeckers, cardinals, grasshoppers

Trophic Levels Each link in a food chain is known as a trophic level Trophic levels represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem

E N R G Y Producers- Autotrophs Primary consumers- Herbivores Tertiary consumers- top carnivores Secondary consumers-small carnivores Primary consumers- Herbivores Producers- Autotrophs

Energy Pyramids 0.1% Third-level consumers Relative amount of energy available at each trophic level. Amount of energy passed on decreases from one trophic level to the next 1% Second-level consumers 10% First-level consumers Ecological pyramids show the decreasing amounts of energy, living tissue, or number of organisms at successive feeding levels. The pyramid is divided into sections that represent each trophic level. Because each trophic level harvests only about one tenth of the energy from the level below, it can support only about one tenth the amount of living tissue. 100% Producers Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Ecological Pyramids A model to show how energy flows through ecosystems 3 types: Energy: only 10% of energy is transferred to next level Biomass: total mass of living matter at each level decreases Numbers: relative number of organisms decrease at each level due to less available energy

Ecological pyramids show the decreasing amounts of energy, living tissue, or number of organisms at successive feeding levels. The pyramid is divided into sections that represent each trophic level. Because each trophic level harvests only about one tenth of the energy from the level below, it can support only about one tenth the amount of living tissue. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Orca Population Reflection: write on a paper to turn in at end of class (exit ticket) Explain a possible explanation for the decline in the Puget Sound Orca population based on what you learned in class today and your prior knowledge.

Bill Nye Review Video